求翻译英文,用软件翻译也行,但是至少能读起来通顺,谢谢!

求翻译英文,用软件翻译也行,但是至少能读起来通顺,谢谢!
Sometimes technology develops in increments and sometimes by leaps and bounds, a phenomenon we can trace by looking briefly at the history of building materials and techniques from pre-industrial to industrial times. From earth to timber to clay to stone to iron to steel, a quick study of this evolution affords us a glimpse into the behavior of technology—how it sometimes progresses in small, linear steps and how sometimes, in one large, quantum leap, it jumps beyond itself, breaking through all the old assumptions and their concomitant constraints.
In early times, Paleolithic men, when caves were not available, made cave-like dwellings built into the ground from timber, earth, and, some believe, animal bones. Later, Neolithic men made above-the-ground structures from timber and animal hide and bones. In the Near East (which had less timber), dried clay, reeds, and palm leaves were used to construct entire villages east of the Tigris and in Jericho during the Stone Age, a time when various uses of clay were developed and proliferated as a staple element of construction.
Further developments in building technology awaited the introduction of stone by the Egyptians, who cut out and transported large blocks as heavy as 1,000 tons for use in the construction of pyramids and temples. According to T.K. Derry and Trevor Williams, authors of A Short History of Technology, stone was also used later, in the first millennium B.C. by Assyrian king Sennacherib, to build a stone canal through which water was transported to Nineveh from a point 50 miles away.
These developments in stone-based construction did not replace earlier clay- and wood-based techniques overnight, much as modern-day technological developments do not instantly replace their predecessors. As with any new technological development, there is an incubation period during which the new technology is applied experimentally and sporadically. After this initial period of development, when the new materials and techniques are tested and refined, there comes a time when the new surpasses the old, at first overshadowing it and, eventually, rendering it secondary or obsolete. At just the right time, when the market is ready, the emerging technology is catapulted to the forefront.
In the case of stone, for hundreds of years it was combined with clay and brick and wood in construction. The Cretans, for example, used stone rubble for the bottom of their palace walls, sun-dried brick for the upper part, stone piers for the first-floor supports, and timber for the frame. Eventually, however, due to superior strength and durability, incremental accelerations in stone- and cement-based construction technologies during the Renaissance and post-Renaissance periods largely replaced the early clay-based building materials.

有时技术发展的增长,有时突飞猛进,这一现象,我们只需简要地看看能追溯历史的建筑材料和技术,从工业革命前工业时代.从地球到木材到黏土的石头,铁钢,学得很快的这种发展带给我们一窥它的行为有时进展technology-how小、线性步骤和如何有时,装在一个大的、量子飞跃,它跳的超越自己,冲破所有旧的假设和约束他们的相伴.
在早期,旧石器时代的人,当洞穴难以获得,使cave-like住宅建在地上从木材、地,有些人相信,动物的骨头.后来,新石器时代人制定了above-the-ground结构从木材和动物隐藏和骨头.在近东(少),干木材粘土、苇,棕榈叶,整个村庄被用于构建底格里斯河和东部的石器时代在耶利哥的时候,有各类用途的粘土被开发并繁衍作为主要元素的建设.
期待已久的建筑技术进一步发展的引入,石头,埃及人剪和输送了大量的街区一样重1000吨用于建设的金字塔和寺庙.根据T.K.德里和特雷沃-威廉姆斯,作者的简短历史技术,石头也可以用来以后,在公元前一千年,率领大军被亚述国王建造运河通过水的一块石头是被运送到尼尼微自古以来充满人民从一点50英里远的地方.
这些发展在stone-based建设并没有取代粘土和木质材料技术——早在一夜之间,就像现代科技发展不要立刻更换他们的前辈.如同任何新科技的发展,有一个潜伏期在此期间,新的技术应用试验和零星的.这个初步发展时期后,新材料及技术