灵鹊做题网求英语翻译,急Interviewer: So how much do companies spend on R&D? T
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求英语翻译,急
Interviewer: So how much do companies spend on R&D? That is, what sort
of R&D intensity rates do we see, for example, in a typical U.S.
manufacturing company?
Expert: Typical R&D expenditure might be around 3.5% of revenue—more
or less.
Interviewer: As little as that?
Expert: Yes. High-tech companies, like computer manufacturers, for example,
tend to spend more on R&D. Maybe around 7% of their revenue.
Interviewer: In which sectors do we find the bigger R&D spenders?
Expert: Well, these tend to be either high-tech companies or, especially,
pharmaceutical companies. To give you an example, the American
pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. spends about 14% of revenue on R&D
while the Swiss firm Novartis invests about 15% each year. Some
telecommunications companies spend heavily on R&D. For example, the
Swedish company Ericsson spends 25% of revenue on R&D.
Interviewer: And who is top of the list?
Expert: The biggest spender is the American pharmaceutical company
Allergan. They spend an enormous amount on R&D—43% of revenue.
Interviewer: So how much do companies spend on R&D? That is, what sort
of R&D intensity rates do we see, for example, in a typical U.S.
manufacturing company?
Expert: Typical R&D expenditure might be around 3.5% of revenue—more
or less.
Interviewer: As little as that?
Expert: Yes. High-tech companies, like computer manufacturers, for example,
tend to spend more on R&D. Maybe around 7% of their revenue.
Interviewer: In which sectors do we find the bigger R&D spenders?
Expert: Well, these tend to be either high-tech companies or, especially,
pharmaceutical companies. To give you an example, the American
pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. spends about 14% of revenue on R&D
while the Swiss firm Novartis invests about 15% each year. Some
telecommunications companies spend heavily on R&D. For example, the
Swedish company Ericsson spends 25% of revenue on R&D.
Interviewer: And who is top of the list?
Expert: The biggest spender is the American pharmaceutical company
Allergan. They spend an enormous amount on R&D—43% of revenue.
面试官:那么研发公司的费用是多少?也就是说,我们可以看到什么样研发强度的利率,例如,在美国一个典型的制造公司?
专家:典型的研发支出可能是税收的3.5%左右更多或更少.
面试官:只要那么少吗?
专家:是的.例如,高科技公司,像电脑制造商倾向于花更多的研发.也许是他们的收入的7%左右.
面试官:这行业我们能找到更大的研发开支吗?
专家:嗯,这些往往是高科技公司或,特别是制药公司.给你举个例子,美国制药巨头默克公司大约14%的收入花在研发上在后,而在瑞士诺华制药公司每年投资大约15%.一些电信公司花巨资研发.例如,瑞典的爱立信公司将收入的25%用于研发.
面试官:那么排在第一位的是谁?
专家:最大的支出是美国制药公司爱力根.他们花费了43%的收入在大量研发上.
专家:典型的研发支出可能是税收的3.5%左右更多或更少.
面试官:只要那么少吗?
专家:是的.例如,高科技公司,像电脑制造商倾向于花更多的研发.也许是他们的收入的7%左右.
面试官:这行业我们能找到更大的研发开支吗?
专家:嗯,这些往往是高科技公司或,特别是制药公司.给你举个例子,美国制药巨头默克公司大约14%的收入花在研发上在后,而在瑞士诺华制药公司每年投资大约15%.一些电信公司花巨资研发.例如,瑞典的爱立信公司将收入的25%用于研发.
面试官:那么排在第一位的是谁?
专家:最大的支出是美国制药公司爱力根.他们花费了43%的收入在大量研发上.
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