英语翻译2.4 脉冲电磁场(pulse electromagnetic field,PEMF) 其原理是应用诱发电流代替

英语翻译
2.4 脉冲电磁场(pulse electromagnetic field,PEMF) 其原理是应用诱发电流代替内生性电流的非介入手段,在缺乏正常力学负荷情况下达到促进骨折愈合的目的.先后有学者应用此技术来促进种植体周围骨的愈合[24].在动物实验中,Spadaro等[25]发现,单纯应用PEMF在种植体周围骨愈合中并不能取得良好效果,只有与机械刺激相结合后才能明显促进骨组织形成.虽然目前PEMF的作用机理尚不够明确,但一些学者[26]已经进一步探索其在种植领域的作用,并认为PEMF在种植体愈合早期起到了关键作用,可以看作临床治疗的辅助手段,与其他方法共同协助种植体的早期愈合.
2.5 低强度超声 是唯一得到美国食品药物管理局(food and drug administration,FDA)认可作为新鲜骨折的辅助治疗方法,通过基础和临床方面强有力的研究证据证明超声对骨的生物活性存在显著影响,包括信号传递、基因表达、组织塑形和再塑形以及骨痂的力学特性[27,28].超声是一种作为高频声波传导至生物器官的机械能量.
一些学者[29,30]经动物实验发现,低强度超声能够增加周围骨组织向种植体表面生长的量和深度,但不同类型种植体对其的反应程度不同,并认为带孔种植体的反应程度最为明显.同时强调,组织对超声的吸收比率与组织的密度有关,种植体周围的高密度组织有利于超声波定位,由于骨髓腔密度低,对超声波的吸收量少,因此需要较大的超声能量对其进行刺激.但过大频率的超声(大于或等于300 mW/c㎡)波会导致组织创伤.因此,低脉冲超声在临床应用中的安全性和稳定性还有待于进一步评估.
种植体在其应用的同时,一些难以避免的缺点也随之显现,如种植体的早期稳定性不佳,种植体龈界面理论尚不完善,尤其是种植体愈合周期长等问题日益突出.目前与口腔种植领域相关的研究已经聚焦于从生物机械力学、分子生物学、细胞生物学等多方面来加速种植界面的愈合.虽然这些研究成果已经应用于临床,但是尚待解决的问题还很多.总之,进行深入的研究依然是十分重要的.

Pulse electromagnetic field and magnetic field (points PEMF) its principle is applied induce current instead of endogenous current not intervene means, in the absence of normal mechanical load cases to achieve promotes the fracture healing purpose. Successively many scholars application of this technique to promote the healing of surrounding bone implant body [24]. In animal experiments, Spadaro etc [25] found, pure application PEMF in palatal implant surrounding bone healing and cannot achieve good effect, only with mechanical stimuli combining ability after significantly promote bone formation. Although at present PEMF mechanism is unclear, but some scholars [26] have further to explore the role of planting in the field, and that PEMF in palatal implant healing early plays a key role, can regard clinical treatment of auxiliary means, together with other methods to assist the implant body of early healing.
2.5 low intensity ultrasound is the only get us food and drug administration (FDA drug, 75 and under the accreditation as fresh fractures) adjunctie therapies, through the basic and clinical aspects powerful research evidence ultrasonology bone bioactive significant effects, including signal transmission, gene expression, organization model form and then styling and callus [the mechanics properties of 27,28]. Ultrasound is a kind of as high-frequency sound waes transmission to biological organs of mechanical energy.
Some scholars 29,30] [by animal experiments have found that low intensity ultrasound can increase the surrounding bone tissue to grow surface looks unfamiliar long quantity and depth, but different types of the implant body's reaction at different levels, and think with hole palatal implant responsiveness is most obvious. Also stressed that organization of ultrasound absorption rate and organization concerned, the density of the implant body around the high-density organization helps ultrasonic positioning, due to the marrow cavity of ultrasonic density low, the uptake of less, so need to larger ultrasonic energy on the stimulation. But big frequency ultrasound (is equal to or greater than 300 mW/c ㎡) wave can cause tissue trauma. Therefore, low pulse ultrasound in the clinical application of security and stability there is a need for further evaluation.
The implant body in its application at the same time, some unavoidable disadvantages also subsequently appear, such as the palatal implant early stability was not good, the implant body gingiva interface theory still is not perfected, especially the palatal implant healing cycle is long, etc problem increasingly. The current and oral planting in the fields of research has focused on from the biological mechanical, molecular biology, cell biology aspects to accelerate grow interface healing. Although these research results has been applied to clinical use, but still has many problems to be resolved. Anyhow, in-depth study still is very important.