灵鹊做题网哪些情况下用动词不定式
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：灵鹊做题网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/04/30 07:09:05
哪些情况下用动词不定式
（一）动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式（The Infinitive）是动词的一种语法形式.动词不定式由to与动词原形构成（在某些情况下省略to）.动词不定式在句中可以起名词、形容词和副词作用,能够充当除谓语以外的各种句子成份.因此,动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种.
1.动词不定式作主语（谓语用第三人称单数）
e.g.:
To learn English well is not an easy thing .
学好英语并不是件容易的事情.
To walk in the park every morning is a great pleasure .
每天早晨在公园散散步是件很快乐的事.
To make a speach here is an honour .
在这儿演说很荣幸.
当不定式作主语时,英语中习惯上用形式主语it来代替,放在句首,而把真正的主语��动词不定式（短语）放在后面,上面的例句可以分别改成：
It is not an easy thing to learn English well .
It is a great pleasure to walk in the park every morning .
It is not polite to play tricks on others .
It is wrong to tell lies .
It is an honour to make a speach here .
我们可以把“It is (not)＋形容词或名词＋动词不定式”作为常用句型来记.
e.g.:
It is difficult to find some water here .
在这儿找点水是很困难的.
It is necessary to buy a computer for her .
误了这场足球赛很遗憾.
除了动词be以外,动词take,cost ,require,make也可以用于以上结构.
e.g.
It takes three hours to walk there .
步行到那儿要花费三个小时.
It requires efforts to master a language .
掌握一门语言须要下功夫.
It made us delighted to find a good book .
发现一本好书使我们高兴.
但在疑问句和感叹句中,只能用it作先行词的结构.
e.g.
What a pleasure it is to work with them !
和他们一起工作多么令人高兴啊!
Isn”t it a good idea to make a trip
进行一次短途旅行不是个好主意吗?
在it作形式主语的结构中,通常用for +名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语,表示不定式所表示的动作的特征.
e.g.
It is possible for him to master the art of speaking .
他掌握演讲艺术是可能的.
It is not right for them to stop the test halfway .
他们中途停止试验是不对的.
注意与结构It + be +形容词+ of +名词或代词+ to不定式的区别,该结构表示不定式逻辑主语的特征.用于这个结构的形容词多为说明主语特征的形容词,如foolish,clever,stupid,nice,kind,rude,careless等.
e.g.
2.动词不定式作表语（主语多为表示意图、劝告等词）
e.g.
My idea is to turn back right now .
我的意思是立退返回.
Our plan is to finish the work in five days .
我们的计划是三天后完成这项工作.
His wish is to become a scientist .
他的愿望是成为一名科学家.
3.作宾语（跟在某些动词后）
常与动词不定式作宾语的及物动词有：agree,begin,start,choose,decide,fail,forget,hope,learn,like,want,wish等.
e.g.
The girl began to learn swimming when she was only three .
这个女孩只有三岁时就开始学习游泳.
Do you like to listen to the pop music
你喜欢听流行音乐吗?
Don”t forget to hand in your maths exercises tomorrow morning .
别忘了明天早晨交数学练习.
She wanted to send a postcard to her friend in Los Angeles .
她想给她在洛杉机的朋友寄一张明信片.
He decided to take a trip to Hainan .
他决定去海南旅游.
4.作宾语补足语：（某些动词可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,即复合宾语的第二部分）
（1）跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有：ask,tell,want,order等.
动词不定式（The Infinitive）是动词的一种语法形式.动词不定式由to与动词原形构成（在某些情况下省略to）.动词不定式在句中可以起名词、形容词和副词作用,能够充当除谓语以外的各种句子成份.因此,动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种.
1.动词不定式作主语（谓语用第三人称单数）
e.g.:
To learn English well is not an easy thing .
学好英语并不是件容易的事情.
To walk in the park every morning is a great pleasure .
每天早晨在公园散散步是件很快乐的事.
To make a speach here is an honour .
在这儿演说很荣幸.
当不定式作主语时,英语中习惯上用形式主语it来代替,放在句首,而把真正的主语��动词不定式（短语）放在后面,上面的例句可以分别改成：
It is not an easy thing to learn English well .
It is a great pleasure to walk in the park every morning .
It is not polite to play tricks on others .
It is wrong to tell lies .
It is an honour to make a speach here .
我们可以把“It is (not)＋形容词或名词＋动词不定式”作为常用句型来记.
e.g.:
It is difficult to find some water here .
在这儿找点水是很困难的.
It is necessary to buy a computer for her .
误了这场足球赛很遗憾.
除了动词be以外,动词take,cost ,require,make也可以用于以上结构.
e.g.
It takes three hours to walk there .
步行到那儿要花费三个小时.
It requires efforts to master a language .
掌握一门语言须要下功夫.
It made us delighted to find a good book .
发现一本好书使我们高兴.
但在疑问句和感叹句中,只能用it作先行词的结构.
e.g.
What a pleasure it is to work with them !
和他们一起工作多么令人高兴啊!
Isn”t it a good idea to make a trip
进行一次短途旅行不是个好主意吗?
在it作形式主语的结构中,通常用for +名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语,表示不定式所表示的动作的特征.
e.g.
It is possible for him to master the art of speaking .
他掌握演讲艺术是可能的.
It is not right for them to stop the test halfway .
他们中途停止试验是不对的.
注意与结构It + be +形容词+ of +名词或代词+ to不定式的区别,该结构表示不定式逻辑主语的特征.用于这个结构的形容词多为说明主语特征的形容词,如foolish,clever,stupid,nice,kind,rude,careless等.
e.g.
2.动词不定式作表语（主语多为表示意图、劝告等词）
e.g.
My idea is to turn back right now .
我的意思是立退返回.
Our plan is to finish the work in five days .
我们的计划是三天后完成这项工作.
His wish is to become a scientist .
他的愿望是成为一名科学家.
3.作宾语（跟在某些动词后）
常与动词不定式作宾语的及物动词有：agree,begin,start,choose,decide,fail,forget,hope,learn,like,want,wish等.
e.g.
The girl began to learn swimming when she was only three .
这个女孩只有三岁时就开始学习游泳.
Do you like to listen to the pop music
你喜欢听流行音乐吗?
Don”t forget to hand in your maths exercises tomorrow morning .
别忘了明天早晨交数学练习.
She wanted to send a postcard to her friend in Los Angeles .
她想给她在洛杉机的朋友寄一张明信片.
He decided to take a trip to Hainan .
他决定去海南旅游.
4.作宾语补足语：（某些动词可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,即复合宾语的第二部分）
（1）跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有：ask,tell,want,order等.