英语翻译5．Conclusion RemarksIn this paper,we first review the re

英语翻译
5．Conclusion Remarks
In this paper,we first review the related literature on the international political economy of trade policy,and then introduce three recent works to answer the three interesting questions as follows：
First,how does political competition affects trade?Yu(2005a)shows that the unique Nash equilibrium of a political competition model between two parties in a Heckscher-ohlin setting entails differentiated trade politics,with one party proposing a high tariff ,and the other,a low one．The basic departure from a median voter model is the introduction of campaign contributions which influence the vote of a group of uninformed voters．Parties are Downsian,not ideological,yet campaign contributions create an asymmetry between them．Thus,the heterogeneous trade platforms in a two—party system are endogenous．One party is labeled as a promoter of protectionism,whereas the other is labeled as pro—trade．
Second,can declining US tariffs lead to a fall in the Democratic vote share?Yu(20•05b)provides evidence on an amended Mayer—Heckscher-Ohlin model with parties by studying the effects of U．S．tariffs on the Democratic vote share．The effects are estimated with fixed effects and Two—Stage Least Squares based on data
from the House of Representatives from the years 1 982 to 2000．Weighted trade policy proxy for each congressional district are constructed and shown to be significant．Overall,a one percentage point decrease of weighted tariffs leads to a 0．93 percent point decrease in the Democratic vote share in the election to the House．ceteris paribus． Also,the predictions of the：model for electoral outcome are consistent with today’s U．S．politics．
接上面

手工翻译,反对机译
5．Conclusion Remarks
结束语
In this paper, we first review the related literature on the international political economy of trade policy, and then introduce three recent works to answer the three interesting questions as follows：
在本文中,我们首先回顾了国际政治经济有关贸易政策方面的一些文章,然后引荐了三部著作来回答以下三个有趣的问题:
First,how does political competition affects trade? Yu(2005a)shows that the unique Nash equilibrium of a political competition model between two parties in a Heckscher-ohlin setting entails differentiated trade politics,with one party proposing a high tariff ,and the other, a low one．The basic departure from a median voter model is the introduction of campaign contributions which influence the vote of a group of uninformed voters．Parties are Downsian, not ideological, yet campaign contributions create an asymmetry between them．Thus, the heterogeneous trade platforms in a two—party system are endogenous．One party is labeled as a promoter of protectionism,whereas the other is labeled as pro—trade．
首先,政治竞争如何影响贸易? 于(2005a) 指出, 两党之间政治竞争模型在Heckscher-ohlin情况下的独特纳什均衡包括差异化了的贸易政治, 一个政党支持高关税,另一个则支持低关税.对中线选民模型的基本偏离就是竞选献金的出现,这种献金影响了某个知情选民团体的投票. 政党都是唐斯式的,而并非是意识形态式的,但是竞选献金在政党之间造成了不均衡.因此,两党制出现各种不同贸易纲领是其内在性质所决定的.一个政党被贴上推动保护主义的标签,而另一个政党则被贴上推动贸易的标签.
Second,can declining US tariffs lead to a fall in the Democratic vote share? Yu(20•05b)provides evidence on an amended Mayer—Heckscher-Ohlin model with parties by studying the effects of U．S．tariffs on the Democratic vote share．The effects are estimated with fixed effects and Two—Stage Least Squares based on data
其次,美国关税的日益降低是否会导致民主党选民比例降低呢? 通过研究美国关税对民主党选民比例的影响, 于(2005b)根据已修正Mayer—Heckscher-Ohlin政党模型而提出了相关证据.上述种种影响是根据固定影响以及两级最小二乘方数据而评估出来的.
from the House of Representatives from the years 1 982 to 2000．Weighted trade policy proxy for each congressional district are constructed and shown to be significant．Overall,a one percentage point decrease of weighted tariffs leads to a 0．93 percent point decrease in the Democratic vote share in the election to the House．ceteris paribus． Also,the predictions of the：model for electoral outcome are consistent with today’s U．S．politics．
…从1982年到200年的众议院.每个国会选区加权贸易政策代理权的构造和表现都是非常突出的.从整体上来看,在没有其他因素影响的情况下,加权关税每增加1%, 就会导致民主党在众议院的选举份额方面下将0.93%.另外,这一选票结果模型的种种预测也与当今美国的政治非常温和.