英语高手翻译，非常赶时间，请高手帮帮忙，不要翻译器翻译的，请务必保证其翻译准确性，谢谢！

英语高手翻译，非常赶时间，请高手帮帮忙，不要翻译器翻译的，请务必保证其翻译准确性，谢谢！
2.1传统的英语听力教学模式的制约性
大学英语教师不能和学生进行很好的交流沟通，只是把自己定位为一个知识的传送者。特别是在培养学生的听力能力上，只对学生进行听力测试，而忽视了对学生听力技能的培养，这样使得学生只能听得懂听力试卷上的应试对话，而不能听懂非常简单的口语化对话。学生不能学以致用。长久以往，学生厌烦这种枯燥的听力教学，听力学习缺乏主动性，因此无法有效的提高自己的听力水平。
2.2学生英语基础欠缺
学生本身存在的语音语调问题，发音不准，变音不准，造成听音障碍；受方言影响，听音准确性差；单词拼写不准，词汇量不足；语法方面的问题；对英语习惯用语和固定短语掌握不牢等，导致在听的过程中捕捉不到有效的信息。
2.3学生缺少真实的英语听力环境
大学生学习英语的时间主要是课堂。学生课后练习英语听力，通常只是为了应付考试，而不是对听力有兴趣。因此，学生一般在只有在课堂上才有学习听力的环境，课后没有学习“原声”英语的条件。但在课堂上，学生只有从多媒体课件上才能真正获得“原声”英语，因为大学英语教师所说的英语多少仍带有母语的表达习惯。此外，有许多英语教师在课堂上更喜欢说汉语。
2.4学生对语言文化背景缺乏充分的了解
语言是文化的载体，特定的文化产生各具特色的语言背景，英语听力教材中的文章有很多是欧美人撰写的，如果学生不了解英语国家的社会制度、风土人情、民俗习惯、人们的思维方式和价值观念，在听这些文章时，学生就不一定能听得懂。中西方文化的差异较大，由于学生对英语国家的文化背景知识缺乏了解，在能够听清每个词句的情况下，也有误解的意思。要克服这一听力障碍，学生就须了解英语国家的文化知识、生活习惯，掌握一些词语的语用规则和联想意义，这是突破听力的关键。
2.提高大学生英语听力水平的主要方法
3.1打好基础关，多做听说阅读训练
听力能力的提高必须建立在良好的辨音能力的基础上，在起始阶段，教师就应当要求学生具有扎实的语音知识，播放纯正的英美语音磁带，让学生跟读，将有助于学生对音的识别能力和发音的校正。阅读理解和听力理解过程基本一致，读者和听者都同样要依赖种种认知效应及其所具备的背景知识，对语篇或话语进行语义分析和意义构建，等等。因此，学生在阅读过程中练习和运用认知过程及判断理解过程，并不断提高和完善这种能力，这无疑会对听力理解产生良好的影响。
3.2加强对文化背景知识的讲授
在听力授课过程中，教师要让学生了解英语国家背景知识，熟悉在特定情境中的语言交际的场合及功能，消除学生在风俗习惯的差异方面的听力理解障碍。学生要想提高英语听力水平，一定要有足够的语言文化知识，通过多读多记，增加语言文化知识，扩大词汇量；通过多看一些西方人的文章，与外国人交谈等，了解欧美国家概况和跨文化交际知识，等等，语言文化知识面扩大了，听力水平自然会有所提高。
3.3培养良好的心理素质，建立自信心
要保证听力交际过程有效成功的进行，就要具备良好的心理素质，教师要给学生创造一个良好的听力课堂环境，上课前和课间放一些轻松悦耳的音乐以缓解学生对听力课的紧张感。使用教材时可以机动灵活，采取易-难0易的步骤，帮助学生树立好听力课的信心。同时，教师应让学生清楚，个别的听不懂不要紧，不应求全，而应掌握对话或短文的主旨大意。
3.4培养学生良好的课外听力训练习惯

2.1 the traditional English listening teaching model of conditionality
College English teachers and students in not very good communication, just position himself as a knowledge transmitters. Especially in the cultivation of the students' listening ability, only for the student to carry on the hearing test, and ignore the cultivation of the students' listening skills, so that the students can understand the hearing on the paper takes an exam the dialogue, and could not understand very simple colloquial conversation. A student is not in order to apply it. Long before, the students tired of this boring listening teaching, listening learning lack of initiative, therefore can not be effective to improve their listening level.
2.2 students lack of basic English
Students itself exists pronunciation intonation, cacoepy, become tune, cause listening obstacles; Influence by the dialect, listening accuracy difference; No word spelling, vocabulary is insufficient; Grammar problems. To English idioms and set phrases master not firm, etc., resulting in the process of listening to capture effective information.
2.3 students lack of real English listening environment
College students' English learning time is mainly the classroom. After class the students practice English hearing, usually just in order to cope with the examination, but not on the hearing are interested in. Therefore, the students in general only in the classroom to have a learning listening environment, after-school no learning "the original" English conditions. But in class, students only from the multimedia courseware to gain a real "original" English, because the university English teacher said how much English with the expression of mother tongue still habit. In addition, there are many English teachers in the classroom more like to speak Chinese.
2.4 the student to the language and culture background, there is lack of sufficient understanding
Language is the carrier of culture, special culture produce with the distinctive features of the language background, English listening teaching material of this paper has very many is the occidental writing, if students do not understand the English national social system, local conditions and customs, folk custom, people's way of thinking and concept of value, listening to these articles, students can not understand. Chinese and western cultural differences is bigger, because the student of English countries lack of understanding of cultural background knowledge, when being able to hear every words, also has the meaning of misunderstanding. To overcome this hearing impairment, the student is required to learn English national cultural knowledge, living habits, grasp some words of pragmatic rules and associative meaning, this is the key to break through listening.
2. The improvement of college students' English listening level of main methods
3.1 play good foundation shut, do more heard that reading training
The improvement of listening ability must be based on good distinctive ability basis, in the initial stage, the teacher should require students to have solid knowledge of phonetics, play the pure British and American pronunciation tape, lets the student to read, will help the student to the sound recognition ability and pronunciation correction. Reading comprehension and listening comprehension process basic consistent, readers and listeners are equally will rely on a variety of cognitive effect and has the background knowledge, the text or discourse semantic analysis and the meaning construction, etc. Therefore, in the process of students in reading practice and use the cognitive process and judgment process of understanding, and constantly improve and perfect the ability, which will no doubt to listening comprehension produce good effects.
3.2 to strengthen the cultural background knowledge teaching
In the listening teaching process, the teacher wants to let students understand the English national background knowledge, familiar with the situation in specific language communication occasions and function, eliminate students in custom differences of listening comprehension obstacles. Students must want to improve English listening level, must have enough language cultural knowledge, through the read remember more, increase language cultural knowledge, to enlarge your vocabulary, Through the see some westerners articles, talk with foreigners, etc., to understand the European and American countries general situation and cross-cultural communication knowledge, etc., language and culture knowledge expanded, hearing level nature will be improved.
3.3 to develop excellent psychological quality, to establish self-confidence
To ensure the effective and successful listening communication process, will have good psychological quality, teachers should give students to create a good listening classroom environment, before class and break put some relaxed sweet music to alleviate the student to the listening course nervousness. When using teaching material can be flexible, take easy - hard to 0 easy steps, to help students to set up the good listening course confidence. At the same time, teachers should make students clear, individual could not understand it doesn't matter, should not perfection, and should grasp the main ideas of the dialogue or the essay.
3.4 raises the student good extracurricular listening habits