灵鹊做题网英语。
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：灵鹊做题网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/04/27 22:48:46
老师，有没有初二下册仁爱版英语所有知识点。
解题思路： 初二下册仁爱版英语所有知识点。初二下册仁爱版英语所有知识点。
解题过程：
仁爱英语八年级下
Unit 5 Feeling Happy Topic 1 Why all the smiling faces? 一. 重点词汇：
（一）反义词
happy----unhappy/ sad lucky----unlucky poor----rich kind----cruel popular----unpopular smart----stupid/ silly interesting----boring
（二）表示情感的形容词
excited感到兴奋的 surprised 吃惊的 happy 快乐的 unhappy/ sad 伤心的 angry / mad 生气的 worried 焦急的 afraid/ frightened 害怕的 disappointed 失望的 proud 自豪的 lonely 孤单的 nervous 紧张不安的 interested 感到有趣的
（三） 重点词组
1. one of my favorite movies 我最喜欢的电影之一
2. spend the evening 过夜
3. say thanks / goodbye/ hello to sb. 向某人道谢/道别/问好
4. tell a short story 讲一个小故事
5. a ticket to… 一张…的票
6. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
7. get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠
8. win a medal 获得一枚奖牌
9. feel proud/ lonely 感到自豪/孤单
10. set a table for… 为……摆餐具
11. have a temperature = have a fever 发烧
12. be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
13. ring up 给……打电话
14. care for= look after/ take care of 照顾
15. because of 由于
16. cheer up / cheer on 使……振奋、高兴起来 / 为 ……喝彩、加油
17. play the role of sb. 扮演某人的角色
18. be on 上演; 放映
19. at first 首先
20. fall into 落入
21. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
22. in/at the end = at last 最后
23. go mad 发疯
24. come into being 形成
25. be full of 充满…
26. be popular with… 受……喜爱
27. make peace 制造和平
28. end/begin with… 以……结尾/开始
二. 重点句型及重点语言点
1. How nice! 真是太好了!
What a shame! 真可惜! ＝That’s too bad!
What bad news! 多糟的消息!
这三句全都是感叹句.它们的结构为:
1) How + adj./ adv. + 主语 + 谓语! 如: How moving the movie is! How fast the boy runs!
2) What + a/an + adj. + n. (可数名词的单数) + 主语 + 谓语! 如: What a big apple (it is)!
3) What + adj. + n.(可数名词的复数或不可数名词) + 主语 + 谓语! 如:
What interesting stories (they are)! What hard work( it is)!
2. Because he can’t get a ticket to The Sound of Music. 因为他没有买到《音乐之声》的票.
to 表“的”，常见的搭配如下：
a ticket toThe Sound of Music 一张《音乐之声》的票
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the way to…去…..的路
3. I think Mr. Lee likes it very much and really wishes to watch it. 我认为李老师非常喜欢它而且的确想去看. wish/ hope to do sth.希望做某事
与 wish 相关的结构还有: wish/ hope + that引导的从句; 如:
I wish/ hope (that) we will win.
我们可以说wish sb. to do sth. 而不能说hope sb. to do sth.;
4. I’ll ring up Michael later. 稍后我打电话给迈克.
ring up sb. = call/ ring/ phone sb. = give sb. a ring/ call/ telephone = make a telephone to sb.
当宾语为代词时, 只能放中间.如: ring me/him/her up
5.…since they were not able to go. ……既然他们不能去.
can与be able to 二者都表“能；会”，在指“一般能力”时，常互换。如：
He can/is able to work out the problem. 他能算出这道难题.
区别: can 只有现在式和过去式(could),没有数的变化;而be able to 有时态及数的变化. 如: I/ She couldn’t swim three years ago, but now I / She can .
三年前,我/她 不会游泳, 但现在我/她能.
I will be able to see him next week. 下周, 我将会看到他.
They were /He was able to climb the mountain, but now they aren’t/ He wasn’t.They’re / He was too old. 他们/他过去能爬得上这座山, 但现在不能. 他们/他太老了.
6. I’m sure Mr. Lee will be surprised and happy! 我确信李老师会很惊奇也很高兴!
be surprised “感到惊奇的”, 主语一般为人.
be surprising “令人惊奇的”, 主语一般为物.
类似的有：interested/ interesting; excited/ exciting; bored/ boring
7. The lonely father often became angry because of the noisy children. 孤独的父亲经常由于吵吵闹闹的的孩子们而发怒了。
because of “由于”，是介词短语，后常跟名词或短语。如：
He didn’t come to school because of his illness./ because he was ill.
由于他的病，他没来上学。
We didn’t go there because of the heavy rain./ because it rained heavily.
由于大雨，我们没去那儿。
8. Maria was able to cheer up the family by teaching them to sing lively songs…
玛丽亚有能力通过教他们唱轻快的歌曲使整个家庭振作起来。
by 是介词，指“通过（某种方式）”，后面跟名词、代词、形容词或动名词。
9. What did Maria go to the Von Trapp family for? = Why did Maria go to the Von Trapp?
玛丽亚为了什么目的去冯特拉普家庭？
10. … and the mother was so worried that she looked for him everywhere, …
这位母亲是如此焦急，以致于他四处寻找他。
so + adj/ adv. + that + 句子 指“如此…以致于”
三. 重点语法
1．系表结构：Linking verb. + adj. 常见的连系动词如下:
1）be 动词：He is helpful. They are tired.
2) 表 “…起来”：look看起来; sound听起来; taste尝起来;feel摸起来等等.如:
3）表状态变化的连系动词有：get 变得; turn 转变; go变; become变成 等等. 如:
In summer, the days get longer, the weather gets warmer.
In fall, the leaves turn yellow. The mother went mad.
He became angry.
2．because 引导的原因状语从句: because 用来回答why提问的问句,表示的原因语气很强,一般用在主句后面,强调因果关系.
Mr. Wang looks tired because he worked late last night and didn’t get enough sleep.
Kangkang is disappointed because his best friend is not able to come.
----Why do they feel proud?
----Because a player from their country won a medal.
Topic 2 Why is Beth crying?
一、重点词汇：
（一）词形转换：
1.badly(反义词)well 2.shy(最高级)shyest
3.understand(过去式)understood 4.anxious(同义词)worried
5.satisfaction(形容词)satisfied 6.surprise(形容词)surprised
7.suggestion(动词)suggest 8.stranger(形容词)strange
9.advice(同义词)suggestion 10.either(反义词)too
11.humorous(名词)humor 12.sad(名词)sadness
13.unfair(反义词)fair 14.hit(过去式)hit
（二）重点词组:
( 1 ) “be + 形容词+ 介词” 的结构: be worried about 对……感到担心/ 焦虑 be anxious about 对……感到焦虑 be glad about 对……高兴 be nervous about 对……紧张 be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in / about sth. 对某事严格 be patient with 对……耐心 be pleased / satisfied with 对……满意 be bored with 对……烦闷 be popular with 受……欢迎 be angry with/at sb. 对某人生气 be angry at/ about sth. 对某事生气 be surprised at 对……惊奇 be mad at 对……气愤 be excited at 对……兴奋 be interested in 对……有兴趣 be tired of 对……疲倦 be afraid of 对……害怕 ( 2 ) 课文词组: 1. do badly in 在某方面表现很差 2. talk with sb. = have a talk with sb. 与某人谈一谈 3. over and over again 反复地; 一再 4. wait in line 排队等候 5. fall behind 落后 6. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 7. at one’s age 在某人的年龄时 8. try to eat less high-energy food 少吃高能量的食品 9. calm down 冷静; 镇静 10. have bad experiences 有不好的经历 11. give…a hand 帮助 12. in one’s teens 在某人十几岁时 13. happen to sb. 发生 14. move to spl. 搬到某处 15. get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 16. be / make friends with 与……交朋友 17. join in 参加(活动) 18. fit in 被他人接受;相处融洽 19. deal with 处理; 处置 20. fail to pass an exam = fail an exam 考试不及格 21. lose a friend or relative 失去一个朋友或亲戚 22. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 23. argue with sb. 与某人争论 24. have a normal life 过正常的生活 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. Anything wrong? = Is there anything wrong? 有什么麻烦吗? 形容词修饰不定代词要后置. 如: something bad 不好的事情 everything new 一切新的事物 2. What seems to be the problem? 似乎有什么问题? seem to do sth. “似乎做某事” 常与 “It seems that + 句子” 转换, 如: He seems to know her name. = It seems that he knows her name. 似乎他知道她的名字. seem + adj “似乎(怎样)”, 构成系表结构. 如: You seem sad. = You seem (to be) sad.= It seems that you are sad.你似乎很伤心. 3. What is the teacher like? 那个老师是什么样的人? What’s sb. like? 常询问人的内在品质或性恪. 如: --What’s Beth like? -- She is shy and quiet. What does sb. look like? 常询问人的长相. 如: --What’s Beth look like ? -- She is nice with big eyes. be like 与look like 常可以互换, 如: He looks like his mother. = He is like his mother. 他看起来像他的父亲. 4. It is important to talk to someone else. 跟其它人交流很重要. 句型 “It is + adj. + to do”中, “It”是形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式. 如: It is normal to feel tired after a long trip.长途旅行后,感到疲劳是正常的. It is dangerous to swim in the sea. 在大海里游泳是很危险的. 5. …, but I don’t know how to get other students to talk with me. 但是我不知道怎样使他们和我交谈. get sb. to do sth. “使(让/ 叫) 某人做某事”, 相当于 ask / tell sb. to do sth.或者说 let / make sb. do sth. 6. It usually takes me a long time to become happy again. 通常要花我很长时间才能重新快乐起来. 句型 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 花了某人某时做某事. 如: It took me three days to finish this work. 花了我三天时间完成这项工作. 7. It is said that… 据说…… 8. ... when something bad happens to us. 当不好的事情发生在我们身上时. “sth. happens to sb.”, 指“某事发生在某人身上”. 是一种惯用句型. 如: A serious accident happened to his brother yesterday. 昨天,一个重大事故发生在他的兄弟身上. happen to do sth. 指 “碰巧做某事”, 如: I happened to see my friend Jim in the street yesterday. 昨天,我碰巧在街上看到我的朋友吉姆. 9. How time flies! “光阴似箭!” 是 How quickly the time flies! 简略句. 10. I have to get used to everything new. 我不得不去适应一切新的事物. get / be used to (doing) sth. “习惯于(做)某事”. 其中是介词. 如: He can’t get used to the weather here. 他不习惯这儿的天气. I am used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起. used to do sth. 指 “过去常做某事”, 如: He used to listen to the pop songs, but now he listens to the folk songs. 他过去常听通俗歌曲,但现在他听民歌. 11. I try to join in activities of many kinds. 我尽量参加各式各样的活动. join in sth. 指“参加……活动”, 相当于take part in或be in. join 指 “参加某个组织或团体” 12 . How does Jeff deal with his sadness? 杰夫怎样处理他的忧伤的? How…deal with? “怎样处理?” 相当于“What ….do with?” 三、重点语法 同级比较 1) 表示两者在某一方面程度相等时,用句型 “as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象”. 表 “与……一样”. 如: Celia is as patient as Sue. 西莉亚与苏一样耐心. Jim draws as well as Tom. 吉姆画得与汤姆一样好. 2) 表示某人或某物在某一方面,不如另一个人或另一物时,用句型 “not + as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象”, 表 “不如……”. 如: Jim isn’t as tall as Tom.= Tom is taller than Jim. 吉姆不如汤姆高./ 汤姆比吉姆高. Jim doesn’t studies as hard as Tom. = Tom studies harder than Jim. 吉姆不如汤姆学得努力./ 汤姆学得比吉姆努力. The roads here are not as clean as those in our hometown. 这儿的路不如我们家乡的路干净. Topic 3 Michael is feeling better. 一、重点词汇: ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.tense(同义词)nervous 2.true(副词)truly 3.expression(动词)express 4. husband(对应词)wife 5. choice(动词)choose 6. relax(形容词)relaxed 7.thought(动词)think 8. decision(动词)decide 9.safe(名词)safety ( 二 ) 重点词组: 1. have a bad cold 患重感冒 2. get injections 打针;注射 3. follow the doctor’s advice 遵从医嘱 4. stay at home alone 独自呆在家里 5. come over to 过来;顺便来访 6. at the end of the month 在月底 7. take it easy 别急;慢慢来 8. take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 9. be happy for sb. 为某人高兴 10. in a good/bad mood 处于好/坏的情绪 11. stay/keep angry 保持生气(的状态) 12. smile at life 笑对生活 13. plan a surprise 计划一个惊喜 14. make masks with different expressions 制作具有不同表情的面具 15. put on a short play 表演短剧 16. prepare for 为……作准备 17. get along with 与……相处 18. look up into the sky 抬头望向天空 19. at midnight 在半夜 20. on the way home 在回家的路上 21. give a speech 演讲 22. try out 尝试;试验 23. in high spirits 兴高采烈 24. think over 仔细思考 25. bring back a sense of safety 找回安全感 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. I’m feeling even worse. 我甚至觉得更糟了. much, a little 与even常用来修饰比较级. 如: He is much older than me.他比我大得多。 Jim is a little taller than Tom. 吉姆比汤姆高一点。 2. I’m afraid of catching SARS. 我害怕患上非典. I’m afraid of getting injections. 我害怕打针. be afraid of (doing ) sth. 表”害怕(做)某事/物” 如: I am afraid of snakes. 我害怕蛇. He is afraid of swimming. 他害怕游泳. 3. I stay at home alone. 我独自一人呆在家中. alone 表示 “单独的;独自的”, 指客观上的.只作表语,不能做定语. lonely表示 “孤单的; 寂寞的”, 指主观上的. 既可作表语也可做定语.如: He lives alone, but he never feels lonely. 他一个人生活,但他从不感到孤单. He is a lonely man. 他是一个孤独的人. a lonely road 一条偏僻的道路 4. If we have time, we’ll come over to see you again. 如果我们有时间,我们将会顺便再来看你. If we are always sad and worried, we’ll become angry easily. 如果我们老是伤心,焦虑的话,我们就会容易生气. If we stay angry for too long, we’ll be ill. 如果我们长时间生气的话,我们就会生病. if引导条件状语从句.从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时. 5. I feel so lonely that my eyes are full of tears.我感到如此的孤独,以致于热泪盈眶. 6. Suddenly the bus stops and can’t move any more.突然公共汽车停下来,再也不动了. not…any more = no more 表 “不再……”, 指次数上不再. not…any longer=no longer表 “不再……”, 指时间上不再. 如: You aren’t a child any longer. = You are no longer a child.你不再是个小孩了. We didn’t visit him any more. = We visited him no more. 我们再也不去拜访他了. 三、重点语法 1. make + 宾语 + 形容词 “使某人怎样” It makes me so tense. ( Page 17) The nurse there makes me nervous. ( Page 17) We should do something to make him happy again. ( Page 19) Illness can make us sad and worried. ( Page 19) It sometimes makes us afraid. ( Page 19) Sometimes it makes me happy. ( Page 20) Sometimes it makes me sad. ( Page20) I think it can make me happier. ( Page 20) And orange will make us happier, white will make us helpful…( Page 21) Bright colors make me happy. ( Page 22) Dark colors make me sad. ( Page 22) Rainy days make me sad. ( Page 22) They make me angry. ( Page 22) 2. make sb, do sth. 使(让) 某人做某事 Some programs on TV make me want to sleep. ( Page 18) Many things can make our feeling change. ( Page 19) That will help make him or her get well soon. ( Page 19) They can make me feel very sad. ( Page 20) Our clothes can make us feel better about ourselves. ( Page 21) If one color can’t make us feel better, maybe another will. ( Page 21) Rock music always makes me want to dance. ( Page 22) Sad movies always make me cry( Page 22). When I am happy, loud rock music makes me more excited and active. ( Page 22) But, when I am unhappy, loud music makes me feel bored and angry. ( Page 22) Talking with others can make you feel less lonely and…. ( Page 23) Unit 6 Enjoying Riding Topic 1 We’re going on a spring field trip 一、重点词汇： （一） 词形转换 1. cycle (名词)bicycle(现在分词)cycling 2. vehicle(同义词)transportation 3. journey (同义词)travel 4. raise(现在分词)raising(名词)raiser (二) 重点词组 1. go on a spring field trip 去春游 2. a two-day visit to Mount Tai 为期两天的泰山游 3. make a decision 做出决定 4. work in groups 小组合作 5. find out 查找；弄清 6. bring back 带回 7. decide on sth. 对某事做出决定 8. take too long 花太久（时间） 9. book some tickets/rooms 预定车票/房间 10. the hard/soft sleeper 硬卧/软卧 11. pay for 付款 12. make hotel reservation 预定酒店房间 13. many kinds of rooms 许多类型的房间 14. the best time to do sth. 做某事的最佳时间 15. work out the cost 估算/算出费用 16. do/go fund raising = raise money/ funds 筹集资金 17. come up with 产生；想出；赶上 18. get to (call home) 达到（打电话回家）的程度 19. order and serve a special lunch 安排服务一段特殊的午餐 20. sell newspapers/ old books/ flowers 卖报/旧书/花 21. organize a show 组织一场展示会 22. not…any longer = no longer 不再 23. enjoy a good trip 享受愉快的旅行 24. at the foot of… 在…的脚下 25. count the students 点名 26. look at/ appreciate the night scene 看/欣赏夜景 27. rent coats 租借大衣 28. see the sunrise 看日出 29. land safely 安全着陆 二. 重点句型及重点语言点 1. … , we will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai, …我们将去泰山进行为期两天的旅行。 two-day “两天的” , 这是带有数字的复合形容词,复合形容词用连字符号连接时,名词要用单数。如：a 14-year-old boy 一个十四岁的男孩 a 100-meter race 一百米赛跑 a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 2. We will make the decision together. 我们将一起作出决定。 make a decision = decide 做决定 decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事 decide on sth. 对某事做出决定 3. Going by train doesn’t cost as much as by plane, and going by bus is not as comfortable as by train. 搭火车的费用没有搭飞机的高，搭公车不如搭火车舒适。 “going by train” 动名词短语在句中做主语。 cost 表“花费（金钱/时间）”时，主语必须是事物。常用句型“ sth. costs (sb.) some money/time”中。如：This bike cost me 300 yuan. 这本书花了我三百元钱。 Finishing the homework costs me two hours a day. 通常，每天做完作业花了我两个小时。 4. We’ve got tickets at ¥ 120 for the hard sleeper and ¥ 180 for the soft sleeper.我们的的票价是硬卧票120元，软卧票180元。 at 在句中表“以……的价格”. 如: We’ve got tickets at ¥80 for The Sound of Music. 我们有80元一张的《音乐之声》门票。 5．I want to book 10 rooms with two single beds … 我想订10间有两张单人床的房间… with 结构在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词，表特征。如： a girl with light hair 一个金发女郎 a boy with big eyes 一个大眼睛男孩 6． My school in America raised a lot of money for our band trip last year. 去年, 我在美国的学校为我们的团队筹集了很多钱。 raise 及物动词，表示“筹集”外，还表“举起；使升高”，一般指把某物从低处抬高 到高处。如： She raised her hand. 她举起了她的手。 He raised his glass to Mr. Li.他举杯向李先生祝贺。 rise 不及物动词，表示“上升；升起；上涨”一般指事物本身由低处移到高处。如： The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。 The river/ price rose. 河水上涨了。 7. Some schools come up with great fund raisers , … 一些学校产生出伟大的集资者，…… come up with 表示“想出；产生； 赶上” 如： Suddenly he came up with a strange idea. 突然间他想出了一个奇怪的主意。 We came up with the train in time. 我们及时赶上了火车。 8. It takes students one yuan each to buy tickets for a draw to become king or queen for a day. 学生要想成为 “一日国王”或 “一日王后”, 就要花一元钱买票才可以参加抽奖。 此句型为“It takes sb. some money/ time to do sth.”花了某人多少钱/时间做某事。 9. The student sits in the principal’s chair for the day and even gets to call home, using the principal’s cell phone. 这个学生可以坐在校长的座位上，甚至可以（达到）使用校长的手机打电话回家（的程度）。 get to + 地点，表“到达某处”如：They always get to school on time. 他们总是按时到校。 get to do 表“达到做某事（的程度）； 开始（感觉到，认识到，成为）”如： After a time, you get to realize that these things don’t matter. 过段时间你会觉得这些事情并不要紧。 三. 重点语法 (一) 结果状语从句 1) … , so … “因此”, 常与because 引导的原因状语从句转换. 如: We don’t have much money, so we should go fund raising. = Because we don’t have much money, we should go fund raising. Helen is worried about her trip cost, so she is sad.海伦担心她的旅行费用，因此她很难过。 = Helen is sad because she is about her trip cost. 海伦很难过是因为她担心旅行的费用。 2) … so … that … “如此… 以致于…”, 如结果表否定时,常与too + adj./ adv. +to do sth.句型转换. a) 主语 + be + so + adj. + that + 句子 e.g: I was so tired that I couldn’t go on any longer. = I was too tired to go on any longer. The cost is so expensive that we should raise money. b) 主语 + 实义动词+ so + adv. + that + 句子 e.g: He plays basketball so well that we all like to play with him. 他球打得如此好，以致于我们都喜欢他。 He got up so late that he couldn’t catch the bus. 他起床如此迟，以致他赶不上车。 = He got up too late to catch the bus. 他起床起得太迟了而不能赶上车。 3) … so that … 结果 e.g.: Jane often makes noise so that I can not fall asleep. 珍妮经常吵闹，结果我无法入睡。 (二) 动词不定式 1) 作表语, 常用在系动词之后. Your group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. 你小组的任务是去弄清搭火车的费用。 She seems to be happy. 她似乎很快乐。 2) 作主语, 常用it（形式主语）代替, 不定式放在后面做真正主语. It is hard to say. 很难说。 It is important to learn English well. 学好英语非常重要。 4) 作宾语, 常用在want; like; hope; begin; try; forget; learn; plan; decide; need 等及物动词后,构成动宾结构。 I want to buy some books. 我想去买一些书。 She likes to join the English Club. 她喜欢加入英语俱乐部。 We hope to be teachers. 我们希望成为教师。 Don’t forget to call me. 别忘了打电话给我。 5) 作宾补, 6) 作定语，常用在被修饰的名词/代词之后。 I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些令人激动的消息告诉你。 I want something to drink. 我想要些喝的东西。 四、口语应用 预订车票、房间： Can I help you? / What can I do for you? Yes. I want/ would like to book … Which kind of ticket o you want, the hard sleeper or the soft sleeper? What kind of room do you have? How many do you want? How much does …cost? May I have your name and your number? Topic 2 Let’s go exploring. 一、重点词汇： （一） 词形转换：
1. death(动词) die 2.. east(形容词) eastern 3. west(形容词) western 4. south(形容词)southern 5. north(形容词) northern 6. kneel(过去式) knelt/kneeled 7. crowd(形容词) crowded 8. huge(同义词) large 9. push(反义词)pull 10. step(过去式)stepped 样 11. sight(动词) see 12. beat(过去式) beat 13. slap(过去式) slapped 14. satisfy(形容词) satisfied 15.diary(复数)diaries 16. destroy(过去式) destroyed 17. inside(对应词) outside 18. historical(名词) history （二）重点词组: 1. receive a postcard 收到一张明信片 2. have a vacation 度假 3. cost too much 花费太贵 4. plan a trip 计划旅行 5. come along with sb. 与某人在一起 6. go to the cinema 去电影院 7. look forward to (doing) sth. 期待做某事 8. go camping 去野营 9. in the old days 在古代 10. in one’s life 在某人的一生 11. survey the area 调查/勘探某地区 12. face south 坐北朝南 13. have mountains at the back 背靠群山 14. plan some exciting adventures 计划令人激动的冒险活动 15. go on a cycling trip 进行骑车游 16. spread over 散开 17. on both sides of the way 在路的两旁 18. be in pairs 成双成对 19. kneel down 跪下 20. two and a half hours 两个半小时 21. be crowded with 挤满了… 22. be surprised at 对…感到惊讶 23. take out sth. 拿出某物 24. elbow one’s way 用肘推开路 25. take a close-up picture of… 拍……的特写 26. push out 挤出;推出 27. step on one’s toes 踩了某人的脚趾 28. out of sight 看不见 29. flash through one’s mind 从脑中闪现 30. pour down 流下;倾泻而下 31. slap sb. on the back 拍某人的背 32. as soon as 一……就…… 33. give sb. a big hug 给某人一个拥抱 34. pack one’s backpacks 打包 35. do the last safety check 做最后的安检 36. take each other’s pictures 互相拍照 37. have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 38. treat sb. to sth. 用……招待,请客 39. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. I’m looking forward to meeting him. 我正盼望看到他. look forward to 表 “期待, 盼望”, to是介词,后面应用名词、代词或动名词，且常用于进行时态。如： I’m really look forward to summer vacation. 我真的期待着暑假的到来。 They are looking forward to solving the problem. 他们正期待着问题的解决。 2． …and 12 stone officials on both sides of the way. on both sides of the way = on each side of the way 在路的两旁 3. Dinglig is to the southwest of Kangling. 定陵在康陵的西南方向. 方位介词: in; on; to in表在范围内; on表两处相接; to 表在范围内 Fujian is in the southeast of China. 福建在中国的东南部. Jiangxi is on the west of Fujian. 江西在福建的西面. Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边. 4. We were having fun exploring when I noticed Darren wasn’t beside me. 当我们正在有趣的探险时,我注意到达诺不在我身边. have fun doing sth. 表做某事有乐趣. 如: You’ll find you have fun learning English. 你将会发现学习英语有很大乐趣. 三、重点语法 (一) 时间状语从句: 1. 引导词: a) when; while; as 当……时候 when 既可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词 while 跟延续性动词 as 多用于口语,强调 “同一时间”或 “一前一后” e,g: The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in. = While the students were talking in the classroom, the teacher came in. Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。 b) until; not…until until “直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词用延续性动词。 not…until “直到……才” 主句的谓语动词常用短暂性动词。 e.g: I will stay here until the rain stops. = I won’t leave here until the rain stops. c) after 在……之后; before在……之前; as soon as 一……就…… e.g: I went to sleep after I finished my homework.. = I finished my homework before I went to sleep. As soon as the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom. 2. 时态: a) 当主句为一般过去时时, 从句常为过去的某种时态; e.g: While the students were talking in the classroom, the teacher came in. I went to sleep after I finished my homework.. b) 当主句为一般将来时时, 从句为一般现在时 e.g: As soon as the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom. I will stay here until the rain stops. (二) 不定式作目的状语，修饰谓语动词，表行为的目的。 They organize a show to raise money. 为了筹钱，他们组织了一场展示会。 Kelly arrived at the airport early to see Maria off. 凯丽早早地来到机场为玛丽亚送行。 四、交际用语 Would you like to come to China for your vacation? 你想来中国度假吗？（表邀请） Would/ Will you help me plan a trip? 帮我计划一下旅行好吗？（表请求） Could/ Can you come along with us? 你能和我们在一起好吗？（表邀请或请求） Should we take him there? 我们带他们去那儿好吗？（表建议） How about taking him to the Ming Tombs?带他去十三陵怎么样？（表建议） Topic 3 Cycling is fun! 一、重点词汇: ( 一 ) 重点词组: 1. cross the street 横穿街道 2. obey traffic rules/ laws 遵守交通规则/法规 3. save money and energy 节省资金和能源 4. avoid air pollution 避免空气污染 5. need less space 需要更少的空间 6. warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人当心某事 7. a sharp turn to the left 向左急转弯 8. slow down 减速 9. knock into… 碰撞…… 10. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 11. call 122 hotline 播打122热线 12. send sb. to spl. 送某人去某处 13. have strict traffic rules 有严格的交通规则 14. receive a call from sb. 收到某人的电话 15. learn …by heart 用心学习…… 16. wear a bicycle helmet 戴着自行车头盔 17. go on special bike paths 在特殊的自行车道上行走 18. break the traffic rules 违反交通规则 19. get a fine 得到处罚 20. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 21. pay attention to (doing) sth. … 注意（做）某事 22. on the left-side of the road 在路的左手边 23. need less space 需要更少的空间 24. hundreds of millions of 上亿的 25. go through 穿过；穿越 26. come to 来到；涉及 27. not…but… 不是…而是… 28. return to 返回到… 29. win the bicycle race 获得自行车赛的胜利 30. since then 从那以后 31. one of the top one-day racers 一日成名的顶尖赛手之一 32. according to 据……而言 33. be famous for 因……而出名 34. fight off 尽力击退/ 克服 35. break a record 打破记录 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. I want to tell you about a bike accident and warn you about the crazy traffic.我想告诉你一个自行车事故，并提醒你当心混乱的交通。 warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人当心某事， 如： The teachers warn the students about the steps. 老师提醒学生们当心台阶。 He warned me about the cruel dog. 他提醒我当心那只恶狗。 2．He knocked into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.. 他为了避免撞到卡车上而撞到墙上. knock into 撞到、碰到 He knocked into the old man when he was running. 他在奔跑时撞到了墙上。 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 We should avoid making mistakes. 我们应当避免犯错误。 3．…, the 122 hotline received a call from a truck driver. 122热线接到卡车司机的电话。 receive a letter from sb.= hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 4．I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 agree with 同意某人（的看法/ 意见），主语通常是事物而不是人。 agree to 表示“同意，赞成”，后面跟的是表示想法，建议或计划等的词。 e.g.: I agree with what he said. 我同意他讲的话。 He didn’t agree to our idea. 他不同意我们的想法。 5．If you break the traffic rules, you will get a fine. 如果你违反交通规则，你就会受到处罚。 fine 既可当名词，也可当动词。 He got a ¥50 fine for parking the wrong places. 他因乱停车罚款五十元。（名词） The policeman fined him 50 yuan. 警察罚了他五十元。（动词） 6．Don’t forget to pay attention to the rules. 别忘了注意交通规则。 pay attention to (doing) sth 注意做某事 We must pay attention to obeying the rules. 我们必须注意遵守交通规则。 7． Five years ago, Spain’s Oscar Freire won the bicycle race. 五年前，西班牙的奥斯卡. 弗莱尔获得自行车赛的胜利。 win 后面通常跟比赛、竞赛、名次或战争，表“获胜” beat 后面通常跟人，表“战胜” e.g.: He won the first in the match. 他在比赛中获得了第一名。 At last, he beat everyone. 最后他击败了每个人。 三、重点语法 条件状语从句: 由if 引导,表 “如果” 1. 时态: 主句是一般将来时态或具有将来的含义, 从句常用一般现在时. If you break the traffic rules, you will get a fine. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t hold the sports meeting. If you drive a car in Britain, you must be careful. 2. “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”, 常转换成肯定条件句; “祈使句 + or + 陈述句”, 常转换成否定条件句. Hurry up, and you will catch the bus. = If you hurry up, you will catch the bus. Hurry up, or you won’t catch the bus. = If you don’t hurry, you won’t catch the bus. Be careful, or a car may hit you. = If you aren’t careful, a car may hit you. Review of Units 5—6 重点词组： 1. keep one’s mind on doing sth. 专心做某事 2. look out = be careful 小心 3. stay on the side 站在旁边 4. have a bird’s eye view of… 鸟瞰 5. ask for 询问 6. on the second day 在第二天 7. keep feelings inside 把情感藏在内心 Unit 7 Organizing a Food Festival Topic 1. We need to make some money 一、 重点词汇： （一） 词形转换： 1.success(形容词)successful 2.invitation(动词)invite 3.tooth(复数)teeth 4.friendly(比较级)more friendly 5.Russia(形容词)Russian 6.Africa(形容词)African 7.India(形容词)Indian 8.sandwich(复数)sandwiches 9.supply(复数)supplies 10.post(名词)poster （二）重点词组： 1. hear of 听说 2. make money 挣钱 3. be pleased to do 很高兴做某事 4. think about 思考，思索 5. think over 仔细考虑 6. make a poster 做海报 7. Organize a Food Festival 举办美食节 8. turn to sb./sth. 求助于，求教于 9. chat with sb. 和某人交谈/聊天 10. what’s more 而且 11. never mind 没关系 12. work hard at 在┅┅方面努力学习 二、 重点句型： 1.Do you know about Daniel Igali ? 你知道丹尼尔·艾格雷吗？ know about“了解”，know a lot about…“对某事了解很深”，know a little about…“对某事或某人了解一些”，而know是“知道”，“认识”之意，如： I know her.我认识她。I know about her.我了解她。二者意思不同。 2.I have heard of him.我从未听说过他。 hear of sb./sth“听说过某人或某事” hear + that从句“听说，得知” hear from sb.“收到某人的来信” hear“听见” listen“注意听” 3.I’ll think over how we should organize the food festival.我将仔细考虑我们应该怎样组织这次美食节活动。 think over“仔细考虑” think of/about“考虑，思考” think of 还有“想起”之意 4.Let’s try our best to make it successful.让我们尽力成功举办这次美食节活动。 ①try one’s best=do one’s best尽力，努力 ②make sb./sth. successful 使……获得成功 5.What’s more, I’m sure that selling rice and dumpling dishes can make a lot of money. 而且，我相信出售米饭和饺子会赚很多钱。 ①What’s more (口语)而且，更有甚者 She is a beautiful girl .What’s more ,she is friendly to us. 她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且对人也友好 ②selling rice and dumpling dishes是v-ing分词短语做主语。 6.It’s a pleasure. 用于感谢的答语还有：That’s Ok./That’s all right./You’re welcome./My pleasure. 7.May I invite you to our food festival? Invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某处 Invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做谋事 如： May I invite you to go shopping with me? 我能邀请你一起去购物吗？ 8.Extension six zero zero six, please. 请接分机号6006。 相当于Can I have extension six zero zero six ,please ? 或Please dial extension six zero zero six. 9.Keep trying.继续努力吧。 Keep(on)doing sth.继续/重复做某事 Keep sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人持续做某事；让某事持续进行 如： He kept writing all the night.他整晚在写作。 I’ll try not to keep you waiting.我会尽量不让你久等。 10.It has very few school supplies.学校设施简陋。 句中supplies是作名词用。如：very few school supplies,这里supplies是名词复数， 译为“学校设施简陋”，supply作为动词用，意为“提供”、“供应”。如： The school supplies books for/to the children.=The school supplies the children with books. -学校提供孩子们书籍。即：supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb. with sth. 11.Our students will sell many delicious international foods in order to raise money for a village school in Nigeria. 为了给尼日利亚一所乡村学校筹钱，我们学生将出售许多美味的国际食品。 ①in order to…意为“为了……”，它引导的动词不定式短语作目的状语。否定结构 用in order not to ,比so as to正式，也可以用so that代替。如： - He’ll try his best to work hard in order to/so as to catch up with his classmates.= He’ll try his best to work hard so that he can catch up with his classmates. 他将尽全力努力学习为了能赶上他的同学。 ②raise money集资，筹款 26语法学习： 三、 宾语从句 宾语从句在句中起宾语的作用。它可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词的宾语，宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if, 代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。现先着重介绍连词that引导的宾语从句。下面就举例说明： I think he will be all right in a few days. 我想他几天就会好了。 I’m afraid (that)you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。 I don’t think(that)you are right. 我认为你不对。 I hope that you’ll be better soon. 我希望你很快康复。 I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 I’m glad that you are ready to help others. 我很高兴你乐意帮助别人。 学习宾语从句应注意几点： (1).引导词 (2).时态（时态一致） (3).语序（陈述） 四、 征求对方意见或提建议的句型。 提建议、征询对方意见的四种表达方式 (1) Shall I (we) ……? 常用在提供帮助，提出建议，要求给以指示和征求意见，常译为我（们）……，好吗？ 如：Shall I (we) open the window? 我（们）把窗户打开，好吗？ (2) May I……? 常用在征求对方意见的句子中，常译为“我可以……吗？” 如：May I invite you to organize the Food Festival with me ? 我可以邀请你和我一起组织这次美食节吗？ (3) Will you ……? 常用于请求对方完成某一动作，同时征求对方意见，常译为“请你……好吗？”如： Will you please call me this evening? 请你今晚打电话给我好吗？ (4) Would you like to…? Would like to do sth. 想要做某事。如： Would you like to eat another mooncake? 你想再来一块月饼吗？ 1. 日常交际用语：谈论社交活动中有关常见的日常交际用语 Shall we have a food festival to make money for his school ? May I invite you to our food festival ? I’d love to, but I’m afraid I have no time. Will you please tell me something about…? What’s up ? Thank you for inviting me to your food festival. Topic2 Cooking is fun 一． 重点词汇： （一）词形转换： 1.cook(名词)cook/cooker 2.fine(副词)finely 3.gentle(副词)gently 4.noise(形容词)noisy 5.noisy(副词)noisily 6.hot（名词）heat 7.polite(反义词)impolite 8.proud(名词)pride （二）重点词组： 1.be ready to do sb./sth. 乐意/准备做某事 2.be kind to sb./sth . 对某人/某物友好 3.slice…finely 精细地把……切小 4.for a few minutes 过了一会儿 5.fill…with… 用……装满 6.drink to somebody 为……干杯（或祝酒） 7.finish doing 做完某事 8.sit down at the table 坐在桌子旁边 9.at table 吃饭，就餐 10.start with 以……开始 11..raise glass 举杯 12.take a sip 喝一小口 13.around the world=all over the world=in the world 世界各地 二.重点句型： 1.You often teach me to be kind to the poor and the old. 你经常教我要善待穷人和老人。 ①teach sb. to do sth.教某人（如何）做某事 ②be kind to do sth. kind是形容词，译为“善待某人” 2.Would you like me to help you? 你需要我的帮忙吗？ 该句表示“客气的请求”，相当于Would you like + to do…?或Will you please + do…? 另外like sb. to do sth.,这里like是动词，相当于want,译为“要某人做某事”。 3.It’s very kind of you. 你真是太好了。 该句等同于You are very kind. 4.After that, fill bowels 70%—80% full with bone soup slowly. 之后，慢慢地在碗里加7—8分的骨头汤。 fill …with“用……装满”,fill用作动词，构成be filled with等同于be full of译为“充满，装满” 如： Fill the glass with water.往杯子里注满水（强调动作） The glass is filled of water.= The glass is full of water. 杯子里装满了水（强调状态） 5.It’s not impolite to smoke during a meal in France. 在法国，吃饭时吸烟不是不礼貌的。 During是介词，后常跟名词或短语，而while是连词，后常跟从句。如： What did you do during the summer holiday? 在暑假期间你做了什么？这里不能用while代替。 6.what does the dinner start with ? 晚餐先吃什么？ begin/start with 以……开始，如：Let’s start our class with Unit 1. 让我们从第一单元开始上课。 7.Never drink too much during a dinner. 就餐时千万别喝太多。 too much 是用来修饰不可数名词，too many是修饰可数名词，而much too是修饰形容词和副词。如：too much water太多的水，too many trees太多的树木，much too tired太累了 8.In parts of India, they use their fingers and bread to pick up the food .在印度地区，他们用手指和面包来抓食物。 这里pick up译为“抓起，拾起”，另外还有“（用车）接（人或物）之意。如： I’ll come to pick you up.我会开车去接你。 三、语法学习： 1.宾语从句（二） 宾语从句的第二种类型由if或whether连接词引导，语序要用陈述句语序，意思是 “是否”“是不是”。如： I don’t know if/whether it is fine tomorrow.(语序必须是陈述句的) Do you know if/whether he’ll come? I don’t know if/whether he’ll come.（宾语从句用将来时态） Δ比较:If he comes tomorrow, let me know.(条件状语从句用现在时态) Δ注：if引导状语从句，译为“如果”；引导宾语从句，译为“是否”，等同于whether。当宾语从句后面有or not时，一般用whether,不用if。 2．掌握并懂得正确应用It is+adj. + to do sth..句型 It is+adj. + to do sth.句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。通常若主语太长，为避免头重脚轻，可用it 作形式主语，将动词不定式后置。如： It is necessary to study English hard. It’s polite to smoke during a meal in France. 四、日常交际用语：有关就餐前的日常交际用语 What’s the most popular in your restaurant ? .What’s your favorite Chinese dish? .Would you like me to help you? Of course. It’s very kind of you. .How do you to make it? It sounds difficult. .Well done! Topic3. A wonderful food festival! 一、重点词汇： （一）词型转换： 1.sell (名词)sale 2.buy (反义词) sell 3.else (同义词)other 4.regular (副词)regularly 5.noisily (比较级)more noisily 6.neatly (最高级)most neatly （二）重点词组： 1.shine brightly 阳光灿烂 2.many different delicious food 各种不同的可口食物 3.on sale 上市，出售 4.kind―hearted 心地善良 5.a table for two 一张双人桌 6.have the bill=get/pay the bill 结帐，付帐 7.go Dutch 各付各的帐/AA制 8.main course 主食，主菜 9.go well 进展顺利 10.sell well 卖得很好 11.be worth doing… 值得做…… 12.send to… 把……寄给 13.send for… 派人去请 14.keep a balanced diet 保持日常饮食均衡 15.not only…but also… 不但……而且 16.not all 并非所有的 二、重点句型： 1.enjoy yourselves! 祝你们玩得开心！ enjoy oneself 相当于have a good /nice/great/wonderful time 2.Anything else ? 还要别的吗？ else译为“别的”“其他的”常修饰疑问词，不定代词并放在所修饰词的后面。如：what else, who else, nobody else, something else等。other也表示“别的”“其他的”，但它修饰名词。如：some other people其他的一些人，other修饰名词people,不能用else代替。 3.The Beijing roast duck smells nice and tastes nice, too. 北京烤鸭闻起来很香尝起来也香。 ① 这里smell和taste都是系动词，后面加上形容词nice表语，构成系表结构，“系动词+adj.”构成系表结构，这类动词还有look, feel, sound, seem, get, turn, become, grow, make, keep等。 ②too, also, as well和either 都可以表示“也”，但用法不同： also较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末：too多用于口语，位置通常在句末，前面 常有逗号隔开，as well也多用于口语，只用于句末，以上3个词都不用于否定句，而either 却用于否定句。如 He also plays the piano.他也弹钢琴。 He is a worker, too. 他也是个工人。 He plays the guitars as well.他也弹吉他。 He was not there ,either.他也不在那里。 4.We must remember that we should eat not only our favorite food but also other healthy food. 我们必须记住我们不仅要吃我们喜欢吃的食物，而且还要吃其他有益健康的食物 not only…but also…不但……而且，这种结构属于“对称”的句型，要求only和also 尽量用同样的词语，如： She not only reads English ,but also speaks French. 她不仅能看懂英语，而且还能说法语。 5.The more regularly we eat, the healthier we are.我们的饮食越有规律，我们身体就越健康。The+比较级……，the+比较级……表越……就越。如： The more trees we plant, the more beautiful our city is. 我们种越多的树，我们的城市就越漂亮。 6.Not all students have a regular breakfast.并非所有的学生早餐饮食有规律。 Not all译成“并非所有的”，是部分否定。如： Not all students like swimming. 并不是所有的学生喜欢游泳。 三、 语法学习： 1.宾语从句第三种类是由what, which, whose , whom, who, where, when, why, how等引导，应注意语序变化（宾语从句是陈述语序）这类宾语从句是由特殊问句转变而来的，要用wh–特殊疑问词来引导，意义即为疑问词本身的含义。如： Tell me what you want.告诉我你想要什么？ Can you hear what I said? 你能听见我说了什么吗？ You may ask him when he come.你可以问他什么时候来。 Do you know who will come at the meeting?你知道谁要来参加会议吗？ Tell me how she looked after her operation.告诉我她术后恢复的怎么样。 注意：(1)宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，尤其要注意whether, if和wh–疑问句引导的宾语从句的语序，即按照主语，谓语的顺序。如： Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗？ I don’t know who all those people are.我不知道那些人是谁。 (2)宾语从句要考虑“时态一致”即当主句是过去时，从句也要用过去的某一时态。如： He asked me which my favorite Chinese dish was.他问我最喜爱的中国菜是那一样。 Did you know who they were?你知道他们是谁吗？ (3)若宾语从句跟在动词think, believe, suppose, except等后面，表示“要”，“认为”，句子的否定在主句上，称“否定前移”。如： I don't think you are right.我认为你是不对的。 You don't think he is right, do you? 你认为他是不对的，是吗？ 2.副词的比较级和最高级的构成 （1）规则副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则。如下表： 单音节词或少数双音节词 构成规则 一般在词尾 加–er或 –est 以e结尾的词加 –r或–st 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i,在加–er或–est 例词 fast faster fastest late later latest early earlier earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词 构成规则 在词前加more或most 例词 slowly more slowly most slowly carefully more carefully most carefully
少数不规则副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式如下表： 原级 well badly little much far 比较级 better worse less more farther/further 最高级 best worst least most farthest/furthest
(2) 副词比较等级的用法 a. 同级比较：表示两者在某一方面程度相同时，用“as+副词原形+as”的句式；但表示前者不如后者时，用“not so(as)+副词原形+as”的句式。如； The boys are listening as carefully as the girls. 男生们跟女生们在一样认真地听。 He didn’t dance so(as) well as Jim. 他跳舞没有吉姆跳得好 b.比较级：表示一方程度比另一方更高时，用“副词比较级+than”的句式。在这一句式中，当than前后的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。副词比较级前常用much., a little, still, even表示“更……”，这也可以作为判断比较级的依据。如： I sing better than she (does). 我唱歌比她唱得好。 My brother did much better in his lessons than I.我哥哥功课学得比我好多了。 c.最高级：表示三个或三个以上的人或物的比较时，用副词最高级。结构为“the+副词最高级+比较范围。”其中的the常省去，比较范围常用of或in…短语。如： Maria speaks English (the) best in our class. 在我们班上，玛丽亚英语讲得最好。 He studies (the) hardest of the three boys. 这三个男孩中，他学习最用功。 四、日常交际用语：有关就餐时日常交际用语 Here is the menu for you. May I take your order? Would you like to try…?/start with…? I’d like…,please. Which kind of drink would you like, beer, wine or tea? Anything else? No, that’s all. May I have the bill? Let’s go Dutch. Unit 8 Beautiful Clothes Topic 1 What a nice coat ! 一． 重点词汇及短语： （一）词汇： 1.服装名称： belt腰带 blouse宽松的上衣 boots 靴子 cap 帽子 coat外套 dress套裙 gloves手套 hat 帽子 jacket夹克 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子 raincoat雨衣 scarf围巾 shirt衬衣 shoes鞋子 shorts 短裤 skirt裙子 socks 短袜 stockings长袜 suit套服 sweater毛衣 tie领带 2.小件 briefcase公文包 purse钱包 umbrella雨伞 wallet 皮夹 3.衣服号码 small小号 medium 中号 large 大号 extra large特大号 （二）短语： 1.on the first floor 在一楼 2.get…from… 从……中得到…… 3.shopping center 购物中心 4.catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意 5.go with… 与……相配 6.on special days 在特殊的日子 7.in fact 事实上，实际上 8.thanksgiving Day 感恩节 9.depend on 依靠，依赖,相信 10.It’s said that 据说 11.Santa Claus 圣诞老人 12.the same…as… 与……一样 13.protect…from… 保护……使不受…… 14.as well as 也，还 15.be made of/from 由……制成 二． 重点句型： 1.what’s it made of?它是由什么做成的？ be made of意为“由……制成”（看出原料），类似结构的短语还有 be made from“由……制成”（看不出原料） be made in “某物生产于某地” be made up of“由……组成” be made into“把……作成某产品”如： The table is made of wood.这张桌子是木头制成的。 Paper is made from wood.纸是木材做成的。 The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本产的。 The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由十位大夫组成。 Bamboo can be made into walking sticks and fishing rods. 用竹子可以制成很好的拐杖和钓鱼竿。 2.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。 “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”如： The little tree is getting taller and taller.那棵小树越来越高了。 对于多音节的形容词或副词则这样表达more and more+adj/adv.如： The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 那个女孩变得越来越漂亮了 3.We can get cotton from plants and get wool,silk and leather from animals. 我们可以从植物中获得棉花，从动物中获得羊毛、丝绸和皮革。 get sth .from/sth./sb.从某事或某人处获得某物。 4.A…caught her eye.一个……引起了她的注意。如：catch one’s eye 意为“吸引某人的注意”如： Can you catch the teacher’s eye? 你能引起老师的注意吗？ 5.What the people there wear depends on their likes and dislikes. 人们的衣着取决于他们的喜好。 depend on 意为“依靠、依赖”如： We depend on our hard work.我们依靠我们的努力工作。 6.Some people prefer to dress formally…一些人宁可打扮得正式些 prefer 宁肯，更喜欢……， prefer A to B = like A better than B I like prefer singing =I like singing better.我更喜欢唱歌。 I prefer swimming to skating.比起滑冰我更喜欢游泳。 7.While many South American people have the same way of dressing as Australia? 然而许多南美的人们和澳大利亚有相同的衣着方式。 While用于对比两件事物，意为“而……，然而……” Michael is interested in music, while his brother prefers P.E. 迈克对音乐感兴趣，而他的兄弟却更喜欢体育。 the same… as 和……一样/相同，反义词：be different from…与……不一样，如： My idea is the same as yours, but it’s different from his我的主意和你的一样，但和他的不一样。 8.People first started wearing clothes to protect themselves from the sun ,wind, rain and cold.人们最早穿衣服是为了保护他们不受日晒、风吹、雨打以及寒冷。 protect …from sth/doing sth 阻止……做…… The trees can protect the sand from moving.树可以防止沙子向前移。 Try to protect your skin from the sun.尽量保护你的皮肤不受太阳暴晒。 三． 语法学习：感叹句 （1）感叹句用于表示说话时的一种较为强烈的感情。如：喜悦、赞叹、惊异、愤怒、厌恶等。感叹句的构成为“感叹部分+陈述部分+（主语+谓语）”，感叹部分由感叹词引导，陈述部分为整个感叹句的主语和谓语，句尾要用叹号“！”，读时要用降调。如： What a nice day it is ! 多好的天气！ What a good boy he is ! 多好的男孩！ How silly you are ! 你真傻！ How beautiful it is ! 它多美啊！ （2）感叹句的四种形式： What +a(an)+名词单数+主语+谓语 What +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语 How +形容词+主语+be How +副词+主语+动词 （3）口语中，what或how引导的感叹句可省略主语+谓语。如： What an interesting book! /How interesting! ( 4) what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换。 What a beautiful girl she is!=How beautiful the girl is! How delicious the food is!=What delicious food it is! Topic2 What would you like to wear ? 一． 重点词汇： 1.school uniform 校服 2.allow sb.to do sth 允许某人做某事 3.make a survey 做调查 4.be in need 在需要时 5.take off 脱下，脱掉；起飞 6.on every occasion 在每一个场合 7.have a business meeting 开商务会议 8.dress for 为……穿衣服/打扮 9.in fashion 流行，时尚 10.out of fashion 不流行，过时 11.advise sb.(not) to do sth. 建议/劝告某人（不要）做某事 12.at other times 在其余的时候；有的时候 二． 重点句型： 1.I don’t like uniform because they will so ugly on us. 我不喜欢校服，因为我们穿了它看起来很丑。 look so ugly on us意为“穿在我们身上看起来很丑” 2.I think our school should allow us to design our own uniform. 我认为我们的学校应该允许我们设计自己的校服。 allow“允许、许可”，allow sb .to do sth.“允许某人做某事”如： Mr.Wang allows us to play football.王老师允许我们踢足球。 3.They are good for patients. 他们对病人有好处。 be good for 对……有益，be bad for 对……有坏处，be good at 擅长于 4.Second,patients can find easily when they are in need. 第二，当病人需要我们时，会很容易地找到我们。 be in need “需要”，与 need同义。如： When you are in need, you can call me.当你在需要的时候，你可以打电话给我。 5.You should take off your shoes when you enter someone’s home in Japan. 当你进入日本人家的时候，必须先脱掉鞋子。 take off意为“脱下，脱掉”，反义词组是put on. take off还可表示“起飞” The plane will take off in an hour.飞机将在一小时内起飞。 6.But now ,most of us can dress for ourselves. 但是现在我们大多数人都可以自己打扮。 dress for“为……穿衣服” put on“穿（戴）上”的动作，反义词take off wear, have …on, be on…“穿（戴）着”的状态。 dress sb./oneself“给别人/自己穿衣服，dress up“穿上盛穿、乔装打扮” dress后不能接“衣服”类的词作宾语。 7.It’s well-known that uniforms are not popular but useful. 众所周知，制服不流行但有用。 ①It’s well- known…意为“众所周知”如： It’s well- known that this song is very popular. 众所周知，这首歌很流行。 ②not…but… 不是……而是…… He isn’t a teacher but a doctor.他不是一个老师而是一个医生。 三． 语法学习： ① 跟to do的动词口诀 希望想学就同意， (hope, wish, would like, want, learn, agree) 需要决定选to do。 (need, decide, choose) 开始喜欢又讨厌， (begin, start, like, prefer, love, hate) to do, doing意无别。 忘、记停止继续试。 (forget, remember, stop, go on, try)to do意不同。 命令警告邀人教， (order ,warn, ask, tell, invite, teach sb .to do) 希望要让别人做。 (wish,want, would like, get, allow sb .to do) 五看三使役， (see, look at, watch, notice, observe, make, let, have) 二听一感半帮助， (hear, listen to; feel; (to)help) 主动to字要离去，被动to字要回府。 ② 跟do的动词口诀 听观感使让帮请最好不带to，为什么不呢？ (hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,feel,make,let,have,help,please, had better,why not) Topic3 Let’s go to see the fashion show 一． 重点词汇： 1. fashion show 时装表演/时装秀 2. T-shaped stag T型台 3. in the center of 在……的中心 4. high fashion 高级时尚 5. in the world of 在……领域 6. wedding dress 婚纱 7.stand for 代表 8.get one’s name 得名 9.be known to 为……所知 10.be designed as 以……来设计 11.except for 除……之外 二.重点句型： 1.There is going to be a fashion show in fashion show in Xidan Shopping center. 在西单购物中心将会有一场时装秀。 There is going to be…是There be结构的将来时,表示某地将举行某项运动，或将有某物。如：There is going to be a football match in our school next week.=There will be a football match in our school next week.我们学校下周将有一场足球比赛。 there is/are going to be=there will be 2. Here come the models. 模特走过来了。 （1）英语中以here或there开头的句子要倒装，除主语是代词外，动词要放在主语之前。 如：Here come Mary! 玛丽来了！ Here come the bus! 车来了！ (2)主语若是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。 如：Here she comes.她来了。 Here it is.它在这儿。 2. The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture. 唐装代表着中国的历史和服装文化。 stand for意为“代表”，如：It stands for Olympics.它代表着奥林匹克。 3. The so-called Tang costume got its name because China became known to other countries during the Han and Tang Dynasties.所谓的唐装是因为中国在汉、唐时期开始文明于世而得名。 （1）so-called所谓的 （2）get one’s name得名 如：The village got its name from the lake in it.这个村庄因村内的湖泊而得名。 4. Chinese fashion is different from not only western fashion,but also fashion from other Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.中国时装不仅不同于西方国家，也有别于其他亚洲国家，如日本和韩国等。 （1） be different from与……不同 （2）not only …but also意为“不但……而且” （3）such as例如，比如说 5. Today the Tang costume can be designed as formal or casual clothes.现在唐装被设计成有正式款的，也有休闲款的。 be designed as被设计成 如：They decided that the theater will be designed as a palace.他们决定把那个剧院设计成宫殿模样。 6. Today,few people wear kimonos except for special occasions like weddings and national celebrations. except for除……之外 如：The roads were clear except for a few cars. 除了几辆小汽车外，马路上空荡荡的。 三．语法学习：跟doing的动词口诀 怎样善于做贡献？（What/how about doing ,be good at/do well in doing, make a contribution to doing） 阻止他人放弃练。(stop/prevent/keep sb .from doing, give up doing, practice doing) 有难宁可不介意,（have problems doing, prefer doing sth./to doing sth, mind doing） 建议花时忙完成。(suggest doing, spend doing, be busy doing, finish doing) 使人不禁有信心，(keep sb.doing sth., can’t help doing ,have confidence in doing) 继续展望想未来。（keep/keep on doing, look forward to doing, feel like doing） 惊喜满意又兴奋，（be amazed/surprised at doing, be pleased/satisfied with doing, be excited about doing） 牢记doing值得喜洋洋。 (be worth doing, enjoy doing, have fun doing)
解题过程：
仁爱英语八年级下
Unit 5 Feeling Happy Topic 1 Why all the smiling faces? 一. 重点词汇：
（一）反义词
happy----unhappy/ sad lucky----unlucky poor----rich kind----cruel popular----unpopular smart----stupid/ silly interesting----boring
（二）表示情感的形容词
excited感到兴奋的 surprised 吃惊的 happy 快乐的 unhappy/ sad 伤心的 angry / mad 生气的 worried 焦急的 afraid/ frightened 害怕的 disappointed 失望的 proud 自豪的 lonely 孤单的 nervous 紧张不安的 interested 感到有趣的
（三） 重点词组
1. one of my favorite movies 我最喜欢的电影之一
2. spend the evening 过夜
3. say thanks / goodbye/ hello to sb. 向某人道谢/道别/问好
4. tell a short story 讲一个小故事
5. a ticket to… 一张…的票
6. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
7. get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠
8. win a medal 获得一枚奖牌
9. feel proud/ lonely 感到自豪/孤单
10. set a table for… 为……摆餐具
11. have a temperature = have a fever 发烧
12. be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
13. ring up 给……打电话
14. care for= look after/ take care of 照顾
15. because of 由于
16. cheer up / cheer on 使……振奋、高兴起来 / 为 ……喝彩、加油
17. play the role of sb. 扮演某人的角色
18. be on 上演; 放映
19. at first 首先
20. fall into 落入
21. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
22. in/at the end = at last 最后
23. go mad 发疯
24. come into being 形成
25. be full of 充满…
26. be popular with… 受……喜爱
27. make peace 制造和平
28. end/begin with… 以……结尾/开始
二. 重点句型及重点语言点
1. How nice! 真是太好了!
What a shame! 真可惜! ＝That’s too bad!
What bad news! 多糟的消息!
这三句全都是感叹句.它们的结构为:
1) How + adj./ adv. + 主语 + 谓语! 如: How moving the movie is! How fast the boy runs!
2) What + a/an + adj. + n. (可数名词的单数) + 主语 + 谓语! 如: What a big apple (it is)!
3) What + adj. + n.(可数名词的复数或不可数名词) + 主语 + 谓语! 如:
What interesting stories (they are)! What hard work( it is)!
2. Because he can’t get a ticket to The Sound of Music. 因为他没有买到《音乐之声》的票.
to 表“的”，常见的搭配如下：
a ticket toThe Sound of Music 一张《音乐之声》的票
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the way to…去…..的路
3. I think Mr. Lee likes it very much and really wishes to watch it. 我认为李老师非常喜欢它而且的确想去看. wish/ hope to do sth.希望做某事
与 wish 相关的结构还有: wish/ hope + that引导的从句; 如:
I wish/ hope (that) we will win.
我们可以说wish sb. to do sth. 而不能说hope sb. to do sth.;
4. I’ll ring up Michael later. 稍后我打电话给迈克.
ring up sb. = call/ ring/ phone sb. = give sb. a ring/ call/ telephone = make a telephone to sb.
当宾语为代词时, 只能放中间.如: ring me/him/her up
5.…since they were not able to go. ……既然他们不能去.
can与be able to 二者都表“能；会”，在指“一般能力”时，常互换。如：
He can/is able to work out the problem. 他能算出这道难题.
区别: can 只有现在式和过去式(could),没有数的变化;而be able to 有时态及数的变化. 如: I/ She couldn’t swim three years ago, but now I / She can .
三年前,我/她 不会游泳, 但现在我/她能.
I will be able to see him next week. 下周, 我将会看到他.
They were /He was able to climb the mountain, but now they aren’t/ He wasn’t.They’re / He was too old. 他们/他过去能爬得上这座山, 但现在不能. 他们/他太老了.
6. I’m sure Mr. Lee will be surprised and happy! 我确信李老师会很惊奇也很高兴!
be surprised “感到惊奇的”, 主语一般为人.
be surprising “令人惊奇的”, 主语一般为物.
类似的有：interested/ interesting; excited/ exciting; bored/ boring
7. The lonely father often became angry because of the noisy children. 孤独的父亲经常由于吵吵闹闹的的孩子们而发怒了。
because of “由于”，是介词短语，后常跟名词或短语。如：
He didn’t come to school because of his illness./ because he was ill.
由于他的病，他没来上学。
We didn’t go there because of the heavy rain./ because it rained heavily.
由于大雨，我们没去那儿。
8. Maria was able to cheer up the family by teaching them to sing lively songs…
玛丽亚有能力通过教他们唱轻快的歌曲使整个家庭振作起来。
by 是介词，指“通过（某种方式）”，后面跟名词、代词、形容词或动名词。
9. What did Maria go to the Von Trapp family for? = Why did Maria go to the Von Trapp?
玛丽亚为了什么目的去冯特拉普家庭？
10. … and the mother was so worried that she looked for him everywhere, …
这位母亲是如此焦急，以致于他四处寻找他。
so + adj/ adv. + that + 句子 指“如此…以致于”
三. 重点语法
1．系表结构：Linking verb. + adj. 常见的连系动词如下:
1）be 动词：He is helpful. They are tired.
2) 表 “…起来”：look看起来; sound听起来; taste尝起来;feel摸起来等等.如:
3）表状态变化的连系动词有：get 变得; turn 转变; go变; become变成 等等. 如:
In summer, the days get longer, the weather gets warmer.
In fall, the leaves turn yellow. The mother went mad.
He became angry.
2．because 引导的原因状语从句: because 用来回答why提问的问句,表示的原因语气很强,一般用在主句后面,强调因果关系.
Mr. Wang looks tired because he worked late last night and didn’t get enough sleep.
Kangkang is disappointed because his best friend is not able to come.
----Why do they feel proud?
----Because a player from their country won a medal.
Topic 2 Why is Beth crying?
一、重点词汇：
（一）词形转换：
1.badly(反义词)well 2.shy(最高级)shyest
3.understand(过去式)understood 4.anxious(同义词)worried
5.satisfaction(形容词)satisfied 6.surprise(形容词)surprised
7.suggestion(动词)suggest 8.stranger(形容词)strange
9.advice(同义词)suggestion 10.either(反义词)too
11.humorous(名词)humor 12.sad(名词)sadness
13.unfair(反义词)fair 14.hit(过去式)hit
（二）重点词组:
( 1 ) “be + 形容词+ 介词” 的结构: be worried about 对……感到担心/ 焦虑 be anxious about 对……感到焦虑 be glad about 对……高兴 be nervous about 对……紧张 be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in / about sth. 对某事严格 be patient with 对……耐心 be pleased / satisfied with 对……满意 be bored with 对……烦闷 be popular with 受……欢迎 be angry with/at sb. 对某人生气 be angry at/ about sth. 对某事生气 be surprised at 对……惊奇 be mad at 对……气愤 be excited at 对……兴奋 be interested in 对……有兴趣 be tired of 对……疲倦 be afraid of 对……害怕 ( 2 ) 课文词组: 1. do badly in 在某方面表现很差 2. talk with sb. = have a talk with sb. 与某人谈一谈 3. over and over again 反复地; 一再 4. wait in line 排队等候 5. fall behind 落后 6. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 7. at one’s age 在某人的年龄时 8. try to eat less high-energy food 少吃高能量的食品 9. calm down 冷静; 镇静 10. have bad experiences 有不好的经历 11. give…a hand 帮助 12. in one’s teens 在某人十几岁时 13. happen to sb. 发生 14. move to spl. 搬到某处 15. get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 16. be / make friends with 与……交朋友 17. join in 参加(活动) 18. fit in 被他人接受;相处融洽 19. deal with 处理; 处置 20. fail to pass an exam = fail an exam 考试不及格 21. lose a friend or relative 失去一个朋友或亲戚 22. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 23. argue with sb. 与某人争论 24. have a normal life 过正常的生活 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. Anything wrong? = Is there anything wrong? 有什么麻烦吗? 形容词修饰不定代词要后置. 如: something bad 不好的事情 everything new 一切新的事物 2. What seems to be the problem? 似乎有什么问题? seem to do sth. “似乎做某事” 常与 “It seems that + 句子” 转换, 如: He seems to know her name. = It seems that he knows her name. 似乎他知道她的名字. seem + adj “似乎(怎样)”, 构成系表结构. 如: You seem sad. = You seem (to be) sad.= It seems that you are sad.你似乎很伤心. 3. What is the teacher like? 那个老师是什么样的人? What’s sb. like? 常询问人的内在品质或性恪. 如: --What’s Beth like? -- She is shy and quiet. What does sb. look like? 常询问人的长相. 如: --What’s Beth look like ? -- She is nice with big eyes. be like 与look like 常可以互换, 如: He looks like his mother. = He is like his mother. 他看起来像他的父亲. 4. It is important to talk to someone else. 跟其它人交流很重要. 句型 “It is + adj. + to do”中, “It”是形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式. 如: It is normal to feel tired after a long trip.长途旅行后,感到疲劳是正常的. It is dangerous to swim in the sea. 在大海里游泳是很危险的. 5. …, but I don’t know how to get other students to talk with me. 但是我不知道怎样使他们和我交谈. get sb. to do sth. “使(让/ 叫) 某人做某事”, 相当于 ask / tell sb. to do sth.或者说 let / make sb. do sth. 6. It usually takes me a long time to become happy again. 通常要花我很长时间才能重新快乐起来. 句型 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 花了某人某时做某事. 如: It took me three days to finish this work. 花了我三天时间完成这项工作. 7. It is said that… 据说…… 8. ... when something bad happens to us. 当不好的事情发生在我们身上时. “sth. happens to sb.”, 指“某事发生在某人身上”. 是一种惯用句型. 如: A serious accident happened to his brother yesterday. 昨天,一个重大事故发生在他的兄弟身上. happen to do sth. 指 “碰巧做某事”, 如: I happened to see my friend Jim in the street yesterday. 昨天,我碰巧在街上看到我的朋友吉姆. 9. How time flies! “光阴似箭!” 是 How quickly the time flies! 简略句. 10. I have to get used to everything new. 我不得不去适应一切新的事物. get / be used to (doing) sth. “习惯于(做)某事”. 其中是介词. 如: He can’t get used to the weather here. 他不习惯这儿的天气. I am used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起. used to do sth. 指 “过去常做某事”, 如: He used to listen to the pop songs, but now he listens to the folk songs. 他过去常听通俗歌曲,但现在他听民歌. 11. I try to join in activities of many kinds. 我尽量参加各式各样的活动. join in sth. 指“参加……活动”, 相当于take part in或be in. join 指 “参加某个组织或团体” 12 . How does Jeff deal with his sadness? 杰夫怎样处理他的忧伤的? How…deal with? “怎样处理?” 相当于“What ….do with?” 三、重点语法 同级比较 1) 表示两者在某一方面程度相等时,用句型 “as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象”. 表 “与……一样”. 如: Celia is as patient as Sue. 西莉亚与苏一样耐心. Jim draws as well as Tom. 吉姆画得与汤姆一样好. 2) 表示某人或某物在某一方面,不如另一个人或另一物时,用句型 “not + as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象”, 表 “不如……”. 如: Jim isn’t as tall as Tom.= Tom is taller than Jim. 吉姆不如汤姆高./ 汤姆比吉姆高. Jim doesn’t studies as hard as Tom. = Tom studies harder than Jim. 吉姆不如汤姆学得努力./ 汤姆学得比吉姆努力. The roads here are not as clean as those in our hometown. 这儿的路不如我们家乡的路干净. Topic 3 Michael is feeling better. 一、重点词汇: ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.tense(同义词)nervous 2.true(副词)truly 3.expression(动词)express 4. husband(对应词)wife 5. choice(动词)choose 6. relax(形容词)relaxed 7.thought(动词)think 8. decision(动词)decide 9.safe(名词)safety ( 二 ) 重点词组: 1. have a bad cold 患重感冒 2. get injections 打针;注射 3. follow the doctor’s advice 遵从医嘱 4. stay at home alone 独自呆在家里 5. come over to 过来;顺便来访 6. at the end of the month 在月底 7. take it easy 别急;慢慢来 8. take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 9. be happy for sb. 为某人高兴 10. in a good/bad mood 处于好/坏的情绪 11. stay/keep angry 保持生气(的状态) 12. smile at life 笑对生活 13. plan a surprise 计划一个惊喜 14. make masks with different expressions 制作具有不同表情的面具 15. put on a short play 表演短剧 16. prepare for 为……作准备 17. get along with 与……相处 18. look up into the sky 抬头望向天空 19. at midnight 在半夜 20. on the way home 在回家的路上 21. give a speech 演讲 22. try out 尝试;试验 23. in high spirits 兴高采烈 24. think over 仔细思考 25. bring back a sense of safety 找回安全感 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. I’m feeling even worse. 我甚至觉得更糟了. much, a little 与even常用来修饰比较级. 如: He is much older than me.他比我大得多。 Jim is a little taller than Tom. 吉姆比汤姆高一点。 2. I’m afraid of catching SARS. 我害怕患上非典. I’m afraid of getting injections. 我害怕打针. be afraid of (doing ) sth. 表”害怕(做)某事/物” 如: I am afraid of snakes. 我害怕蛇. He is afraid of swimming. 他害怕游泳. 3. I stay at home alone. 我独自一人呆在家中. alone 表示 “单独的;独自的”, 指客观上的.只作表语,不能做定语. lonely表示 “孤单的; 寂寞的”, 指主观上的. 既可作表语也可做定语.如: He lives alone, but he never feels lonely. 他一个人生活,但他从不感到孤单. He is a lonely man. 他是一个孤独的人. a lonely road 一条偏僻的道路 4. If we have time, we’ll come over to see you again. 如果我们有时间,我们将会顺便再来看你. If we are always sad and worried, we’ll become angry easily. 如果我们老是伤心,焦虑的话,我们就会容易生气. If we stay angry for too long, we’ll be ill. 如果我们长时间生气的话,我们就会生病. if引导条件状语从句.从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时. 5. I feel so lonely that my eyes are full of tears.我感到如此的孤独,以致于热泪盈眶. 6. Suddenly the bus stops and can’t move any more.突然公共汽车停下来,再也不动了. not…any more = no more 表 “不再……”, 指次数上不再. not…any longer=no longer表 “不再……”, 指时间上不再. 如: You aren’t a child any longer. = You are no longer a child.你不再是个小孩了. We didn’t visit him any more. = We visited him no more. 我们再也不去拜访他了. 三、重点语法 1. make + 宾语 + 形容词 “使某人怎样” It makes me so tense. ( Page 17) The nurse there makes me nervous. ( Page 17) We should do something to make him happy again. ( Page 19) Illness can make us sad and worried. ( Page 19) It sometimes makes us afraid. ( Page 19) Sometimes it makes me happy. ( Page 20) Sometimes it makes me sad. ( Page20) I think it can make me happier. ( Page 20) And orange will make us happier, white will make us helpful…( Page 21) Bright colors make me happy. ( Page 22) Dark colors make me sad. ( Page 22) Rainy days make me sad. ( Page 22) They make me angry. ( Page 22) 2. make sb, do sth. 使(让) 某人做某事 Some programs on TV make me want to sleep. ( Page 18) Many things can make our feeling change. ( Page 19) That will help make him or her get well soon. ( Page 19) They can make me feel very sad. ( Page 20) Our clothes can make us feel better about ourselves. ( Page 21) If one color can’t make us feel better, maybe another will. ( Page 21) Rock music always makes me want to dance. ( Page 22) Sad movies always make me cry( Page 22). When I am happy, loud rock music makes me more excited and active. ( Page 22) But, when I am unhappy, loud music makes me feel bored and angry. ( Page 22) Talking with others can make you feel less lonely and…. ( Page 23) Unit 6 Enjoying Riding Topic 1 We’re going on a spring field trip 一、重点词汇： （一） 词形转换 1. cycle (名词)bicycle(现在分词)cycling 2. vehicle(同义词)transportation 3. journey (同义词)travel 4. raise(现在分词)raising(名词)raiser (二) 重点词组 1. go on a spring field trip 去春游 2. a two-day visit to Mount Tai 为期两天的泰山游 3. make a decision 做出决定 4. work in groups 小组合作 5. find out 查找；弄清 6. bring back 带回 7. decide on sth. 对某事做出决定 8. take too long 花太久（时间） 9. book some tickets/rooms 预定车票/房间 10. the hard/soft sleeper 硬卧/软卧 11. pay for 付款 12. make hotel reservation 预定酒店房间 13. many kinds of rooms 许多类型的房间 14. the best time to do sth. 做某事的最佳时间 15. work out the cost 估算/算出费用 16. do/go fund raising = raise money/ funds 筹集资金 17. come up with 产生；想出；赶上 18. get to (call home) 达到（打电话回家）的程度 19. order and serve a special lunch 安排服务一段特殊的午餐 20. sell newspapers/ old books/ flowers 卖报/旧书/花 21. organize a show 组织一场展示会 22. not…any longer = no longer 不再 23. enjoy a good trip 享受愉快的旅行 24. at the foot of… 在…的脚下 25. count the students 点名 26. look at/ appreciate the night scene 看/欣赏夜景 27. rent coats 租借大衣 28. see the sunrise 看日出 29. land safely 安全着陆 二. 重点句型及重点语言点 1. … , we will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai, …我们将去泰山进行为期两天的旅行。 two-day “两天的” , 这是带有数字的复合形容词,复合形容词用连字符号连接时,名词要用单数。如：a 14-year-old boy 一个十四岁的男孩 a 100-meter race 一百米赛跑 a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 2. We will make the decision together. 我们将一起作出决定。 make a decision = decide 做决定 decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事 decide on sth. 对某事做出决定 3. Going by train doesn’t cost as much as by plane, and going by bus is not as comfortable as by train. 搭火车的费用没有搭飞机的高，搭公车不如搭火车舒适。 “going by train” 动名词短语在句中做主语。 cost 表“花费（金钱/时间）”时，主语必须是事物。常用句型“ sth. costs (sb.) some money/time”中。如：This bike cost me 300 yuan. 这本书花了我三百元钱。 Finishing the homework costs me two hours a day. 通常，每天做完作业花了我两个小时。 4. We’ve got tickets at ¥ 120 for the hard sleeper and ¥ 180 for the soft sleeper.我们的的票价是硬卧票120元，软卧票180元。 at 在句中表“以……的价格”. 如: We’ve got tickets at ¥80 for The Sound of Music. 我们有80元一张的《音乐之声》门票。 5．I want to book 10 rooms with two single beds … 我想订10间有两张单人床的房间… with 结构在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词，表特征。如： a girl with light hair 一个金发女郎 a boy with big eyes 一个大眼睛男孩 6． My school in America raised a lot of money for our band trip last year. 去年, 我在美国的学校为我们的团队筹集了很多钱。 raise 及物动词，表示“筹集”外，还表“举起；使升高”，一般指把某物从低处抬高 到高处。如： She raised her hand. 她举起了她的手。 He raised his glass to Mr. Li.他举杯向李先生祝贺。 rise 不及物动词，表示“上升；升起；上涨”一般指事物本身由低处移到高处。如： The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。 The river/ price rose. 河水上涨了。 7. Some schools come up with great fund raisers , … 一些学校产生出伟大的集资者，…… come up with 表示“想出；产生； 赶上” 如： Suddenly he came up with a strange idea. 突然间他想出了一个奇怪的主意。 We came up with the train in time. 我们及时赶上了火车。 8. It takes students one yuan each to buy tickets for a draw to become king or queen for a day. 学生要想成为 “一日国王”或 “一日王后”, 就要花一元钱买票才可以参加抽奖。 此句型为“It takes sb. some money/ time to do sth.”花了某人多少钱/时间做某事。 9. The student sits in the principal’s chair for the day and even gets to call home, using the principal’s cell phone. 这个学生可以坐在校长的座位上，甚至可以（达到）使用校长的手机打电话回家（的程度）。 get to + 地点，表“到达某处”如：They always get to school on time. 他们总是按时到校。 get to do 表“达到做某事（的程度）； 开始（感觉到，认识到，成为）”如： After a time, you get to realize that these things don’t matter. 过段时间你会觉得这些事情并不要紧。 三. 重点语法 (一) 结果状语从句 1) … , so … “因此”, 常与because 引导的原因状语从句转换. 如: We don’t have much money, so we should go fund raising. = Because we don’t have much money, we should go fund raising. Helen is worried about her trip cost, so she is sad.海伦担心她的旅行费用，因此她很难过。 = Helen is sad because she is about her trip cost. 海伦很难过是因为她担心旅行的费用。 2) … so … that … “如此… 以致于…”, 如结果表否定时,常与too + adj./ adv. +to do sth.句型转换. a) 主语 + be + so + adj. + that + 句子 e.g: I was so tired that I couldn’t go on any longer. = I was too tired to go on any longer. The cost is so expensive that we should raise money. b) 主语 + 实义动词+ so + adv. + that + 句子 e.g: He plays basketball so well that we all like to play with him. 他球打得如此好，以致于我们都喜欢他。 He got up so late that he couldn’t catch the bus. 他起床如此迟，以致他赶不上车。 = He got up too late to catch the bus. 他起床起得太迟了而不能赶上车。 3) … so that … 结果 e.g.: Jane often makes noise so that I can not fall asleep. 珍妮经常吵闹，结果我无法入睡。 (二) 动词不定式 1) 作表语, 常用在系动词之后. Your group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. 你小组的任务是去弄清搭火车的费用。 She seems to be happy. 她似乎很快乐。 2) 作主语, 常用it（形式主语）代替, 不定式放在后面做真正主语. It is hard to say. 很难说。 It is important to learn English well. 学好英语非常重要。 4) 作宾语, 常用在want; like; hope; begin; try; forget; learn; plan; decide; need 等及物动词后,构成动宾结构。 I want to buy some books. 我想去买一些书。 She likes to join the English Club. 她喜欢加入英语俱乐部。 We hope to be teachers. 我们希望成为教师。 Don’t forget to call me. 别忘了打电话给我。 5) 作宾补, 6) 作定语，常用在被修饰的名词/代词之后。 I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些令人激动的消息告诉你。 I want something to drink. 我想要些喝的东西。 四、口语应用 预订车票、房间： Can I help you? / What can I do for you? Yes. I want/ would like to book … Which kind of ticket o you want, the hard sleeper or the soft sleeper? What kind of room do you have? How many do you want? How much does …cost? May I have your name and your number? Topic 2 Let’s go exploring. 一、重点词汇： （一） 词形转换：
1. death(动词) die 2.. east(形容词) eastern 3. west(形容词) western 4. south(形容词)southern 5. north(形容词) northern 6. kneel(过去式) knelt/kneeled 7. crowd(形容词) crowded 8. huge(同义词) large 9. push(反义词)pull 10. step(过去式)stepped 样 11. sight(动词) see 12. beat(过去式) beat 13. slap(过去式) slapped 14. satisfy(形容词) satisfied 15.diary(复数)diaries 16. destroy(过去式) destroyed 17. inside(对应词) outside 18. historical(名词) history （二）重点词组: 1. receive a postcard 收到一张明信片 2. have a vacation 度假 3. cost too much 花费太贵 4. plan a trip 计划旅行 5. come along with sb. 与某人在一起 6. go to the cinema 去电影院 7. look forward to (doing) sth. 期待做某事 8. go camping 去野营 9. in the old days 在古代 10. in one’s life 在某人的一生 11. survey the area 调查/勘探某地区 12. face south 坐北朝南 13. have mountains at the back 背靠群山 14. plan some exciting adventures 计划令人激动的冒险活动 15. go on a cycling trip 进行骑车游 16. spread over 散开 17. on both sides of the way 在路的两旁 18. be in pairs 成双成对 19. kneel down 跪下 20. two and a half hours 两个半小时 21. be crowded with 挤满了… 22. be surprised at 对…感到惊讶 23. take out sth. 拿出某物 24. elbow one’s way 用肘推开路 25. take a close-up picture of… 拍……的特写 26. push out 挤出;推出 27. step on one’s toes 踩了某人的脚趾 28. out of sight 看不见 29. flash through one’s mind 从脑中闪现 30. pour down 流下;倾泻而下 31. slap sb. on the back 拍某人的背 32. as soon as 一……就…… 33. give sb. a big hug 给某人一个拥抱 34. pack one’s backpacks 打包 35. do the last safety check 做最后的安检 36. take each other’s pictures 互相拍照 37. have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 38. treat sb. to sth. 用……招待,请客 39. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. I’m looking forward to meeting him. 我正盼望看到他. look forward to 表 “期待, 盼望”, to是介词,后面应用名词、代词或动名词，且常用于进行时态。如： I’m really look forward to summer vacation. 我真的期待着暑假的到来。 They are looking forward to solving the problem. 他们正期待着问题的解决。 2． …and 12 stone officials on both sides of the way. on both sides of the way = on each side of the way 在路的两旁 3. Dinglig is to the southwest of Kangling. 定陵在康陵的西南方向. 方位介词: in; on; to in表在范围内; on表两处相接; to 表在范围内 Fujian is in the southeast of China. 福建在中国的东南部. Jiangxi is on the west of Fujian. 江西在福建的西面. Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边. 4. We were having fun exploring when I noticed Darren wasn’t beside me. 当我们正在有趣的探险时,我注意到达诺不在我身边. have fun doing sth. 表做某事有乐趣. 如: You’ll find you have fun learning English. 你将会发现学习英语有很大乐趣. 三、重点语法 (一) 时间状语从句: 1. 引导词: a) when; while; as 当……时候 when 既可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词 while 跟延续性动词 as 多用于口语,强调 “同一时间”或 “一前一后” e,g: The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in. = While the students were talking in the classroom, the teacher came in. Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。 b) until; not…until until “直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词用延续性动词。 not…until “直到……才” 主句的谓语动词常用短暂性动词。 e.g: I will stay here until the rain stops. = I won’t leave here until the rain stops. c) after 在……之后; before在……之前; as soon as 一……就…… e.g: I went to sleep after I finished my homework.. = I finished my homework before I went to sleep. As soon as the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom. 2. 时态: a) 当主句为一般过去时时, 从句常为过去的某种时态; e.g: While the students were talking in the classroom, the teacher came in. I went to sleep after I finished my homework.. b) 当主句为一般将来时时, 从句为一般现在时 e.g: As soon as the bell rings, the students will go into the classroom. I will stay here until the rain stops. (二) 不定式作目的状语，修饰谓语动词，表行为的目的。 They organize a show to raise money. 为了筹钱，他们组织了一场展示会。 Kelly arrived at the airport early to see Maria off. 凯丽早早地来到机场为玛丽亚送行。 四、交际用语 Would you like to come to China for your vacation? 你想来中国度假吗？（表邀请） Would/ Will you help me plan a trip? 帮我计划一下旅行好吗？（表请求） Could/ Can you come along with us? 你能和我们在一起好吗？（表邀请或请求） Should we take him there? 我们带他们去那儿好吗？（表建议） How about taking him to the Ming Tombs?带他去十三陵怎么样？（表建议） Topic 3 Cycling is fun! 一、重点词汇: ( 一 ) 重点词组: 1. cross the street 横穿街道 2. obey traffic rules/ laws 遵守交通规则/法规 3. save money and energy 节省资金和能源 4. avoid air pollution 避免空气污染 5. need less space 需要更少的空间 6. warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人当心某事 7. a sharp turn to the left 向左急转弯 8. slow down 减速 9. knock into… 碰撞…… 10. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 11. call 122 hotline 播打122热线 12. send sb. to spl. 送某人去某处 13. have strict traffic rules 有严格的交通规则 14. receive a call from sb. 收到某人的电话 15. learn …by heart 用心学习…… 16. wear a bicycle helmet 戴着自行车头盔 17. go on special bike paths 在特殊的自行车道上行走 18. break the traffic rules 违反交通规则 19. get a fine 得到处罚 20. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 21. pay attention to (doing) sth. … 注意（做）某事 22. on the left-side of the road 在路的左手边 23. need less space 需要更少的空间 24. hundreds of millions of 上亿的 25. go through 穿过；穿越 26. come to 来到；涉及 27. not…but… 不是…而是… 28. return to 返回到… 29. win the bicycle race 获得自行车赛的胜利 30. since then 从那以后 31. one of the top one-day racers 一日成名的顶尖赛手之一 32. according to 据……而言 33. be famous for 因……而出名 34. fight off 尽力击退/ 克服 35. break a record 打破记录 二、重点句型及重点语言点 1. I want to tell you about a bike accident and warn you about the crazy traffic.我想告诉你一个自行车事故，并提醒你当心混乱的交通。 warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人当心某事， 如： The teachers warn the students about the steps. 老师提醒学生们当心台阶。 He warned me about the cruel dog. 他提醒我当心那只恶狗。 2．He knocked into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.. 他为了避免撞到卡车上而撞到墙上. knock into 撞到、碰到 He knocked into the old man when he was running. 他在奔跑时撞到了墙上。 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 We should avoid making mistakes. 我们应当避免犯错误。 3．…, the 122 hotline received a call from a truck driver. 122热线接到卡车司机的电话。 receive a letter from sb.= hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 4．I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 agree with 同意某人（的看法/ 意见），主语通常是事物而不是人。 agree to 表示“同意，赞成”，后面跟的是表示想法，建议或计划等的词。 e.g.: I agree with what he said. 我同意他讲的话。 He didn’t agree to our idea. 他不同意我们的想法。 5．If you break the traffic rules, you will get a fine. 如果你违反交通规则，你就会受到处罚。 fine 既可当名词，也可当动词。 He got a ¥50 fine for parking the wrong places. 他因乱停车罚款五十元。（名词） The policeman fined him 50 yuan. 警察罚了他五十元。（动词） 6．Don’t forget to pay attention to the rules. 别忘了注意交通规则。 pay attention to (doing) sth 注意做某事 We must pay attention to obeying the rules. 我们必须注意遵守交通规则。 7． Five years ago, Spain’s Oscar Freire won the bicycle race. 五年前，西班牙的奥斯卡. 弗莱尔获得自行车赛的胜利。 win 后面通常跟比赛、竞赛、名次或战争，表“获胜” beat 后面通常跟人，表“战胜” e.g.: He won the first in the match. 他在比赛中获得了第一名。 At last, he beat everyone. 最后他击败了每个人。 三、重点语法 条件状语从句: 由if 引导,表 “如果” 1. 时态: 主句是一般将来时态或具有将来的含义, 从句常用一般现在时. If you break the traffic rules, you will get a fine. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t hold the sports meeting. If you drive a car in Britain, you must be careful. 2. “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”, 常转换成肯定条件句; “祈使句 + or + 陈述句”, 常转换成否定条件句. Hurry up, and you will catch the bus. = If you hurry up, you will catch the bus. Hurry up, or you won’t catch the bus. = If you don’t hurry, you won’t catch the bus. Be careful, or a car may hit you. = If you aren’t careful, a car may hit you. Review of Units 5—6 重点词组： 1. keep one’s mind on doing sth. 专心做某事 2. look out = be careful 小心 3. stay on the side 站在旁边 4. have a bird’s eye view of… 鸟瞰 5. ask for 询问 6. on the second day 在第二天 7. keep feelings inside 把情感藏在内心 Unit 7 Organizing a Food Festival Topic 1. We need to make some money 一、 重点词汇： （一） 词形转换： 1.success(形容词)successful 2.invitation(动词)invite 3.tooth(复数)teeth 4.friendly(比较级)more friendly 5.Russia(形容词)Russian 6.Africa(形容词)African 7.India(形容词)Indian 8.sandwich(复数)sandwiches 9.supply(复数)supplies 10.post(名词)poster （二）重点词组： 1. hear of 听说 2. make money 挣钱 3. be pleased to do 很高兴做某事 4. think about 思考，思索 5. think over 仔细考虑 6. make a poster 做海报 7. Organize a Food Festival 举办美食节 8. turn to sb./sth. 求助于，求教于 9. chat with sb. 和某人交谈/聊天 10. what’s more 而且 11. never mind 没关系 12. work hard at 在┅┅方面努力学习 二、 重点句型： 1.Do you know about Daniel Igali ? 你知道丹尼尔·艾格雷吗？ know about“了解”，know a lot about…“对某事了解很深”，know a little about…“对某事或某人了解一些”，而know是“知道”，“认识”之意，如： I know her.我认识她。I know about her.我了解她。二者意思不同。 2.I have heard of him.我从未听说过他。 hear of sb./sth“听说过某人或某事” hear + that从句“听说，得知” hear from sb.“收到某人的来信” hear“听见” listen“注意听” 3.I’ll think over how we should organize the food festival.我将仔细考虑我们应该怎样组织这次美食节活动。 think over“仔细考虑” think of/about“考虑，思考” think of 还有“想起”之意 4.Let’s try our best to make it successful.让我们尽力成功举办这次美食节活动。 ①try one’s best=do one’s best尽力，努力 ②make sb./sth. successful 使……获得成功 5.What’s more, I’m sure that selling rice and dumpling dishes can make a lot of money. 而且，我相信出售米饭和饺子会赚很多钱。 ①What’s more (口语)而且，更有甚者 She is a beautiful girl .What’s more ,she is friendly to us. 她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且对人也友好 ②selling rice and dumpling dishes是v-ing分词短语做主语。 6.It’s a pleasure. 用于感谢的答语还有：That’s Ok./That’s all right./You’re welcome./My pleasure. 7.May I invite you to our food festival? Invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某处 Invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做谋事 如： May I invite you to go shopping with me? 我能邀请你一起去购物吗？ 8.Extension six zero zero six, please. 请接分机号6006。 相当于Can I have extension six zero zero six ,please ? 或Please dial extension six zero zero six. 9.Keep trying.继续努力吧。 Keep(on)doing sth.继续/重复做某事 Keep sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人持续做某事；让某事持续进行 如： He kept writing all the night.他整晚在写作。 I’ll try not to keep you waiting.我会尽量不让你久等。 10.It has very few school supplies.学校设施简陋。 句中supplies是作名词用。如：very few school supplies,这里supplies是名词复数， 译为“学校设施简陋”，supply作为动词用，意为“提供”、“供应”。如： The school supplies books for/to the children.=The school supplies the children with books. -学校提供孩子们书籍。即：supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb. with sth. 11.Our students will sell many delicious international foods in order to raise money for a village school in Nigeria. 为了给尼日利亚一所乡村学校筹钱，我们学生将出售许多美味的国际食品。 ①in order to…意为“为了……”，它引导的动词不定式短语作目的状语。否定结构 用in order not to ,比so as to正式，也可以用so that代替。如： - He’ll try his best to work hard in order to/so as to catch up with his classmates.= He’ll try his best to work hard so that he can catch up with his classmates. 他将尽全力努力学习为了能赶上他的同学。 ②raise money集资，筹款 26语法学习： 三、 宾语从句 宾语从句在句中起宾语的作用。它可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词的宾语，宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if, 代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。现先着重介绍连词that引导的宾语从句。下面就举例说明： I think he will be all right in a few days. 我想他几天就会好了。 I’m afraid (that)you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。 I don’t think(that)you are right. 我认为你不对。 I hope that you’ll be better soon. 我希望你很快康复。 I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 I’m glad that you are ready to help others. 我很高兴你乐意帮助别人。 学习宾语从句应注意几点： (1).引导词 (2).时态（时态一致） (3).语序（陈述） 四、 征求对方意见或提建议的句型。 提建议、征询对方意见的四种表达方式 (1) Shall I (we) ……? 常用在提供帮助，提出建议，要求给以指示和征求意见，常译为我（们）……，好吗？ 如：Shall I (we) open the window? 我（们）把窗户打开，好吗？ (2) May I……? 常用在征求对方意见的句子中，常译为“我可以……吗？” 如：May I invite you to organize the Food Festival with me ? 我可以邀请你和我一起组织这次美食节吗？ (3) Will you ……? 常用于请求对方完成某一动作，同时征求对方意见，常译为“请你……好吗？”如： Will you please call me this evening? 请你今晚打电话给我好吗？ (4) Would you like to…? Would like to do sth. 想要做某事。如： Would you like to eat another mooncake? 你想再来一块月饼吗？ 1. 日常交际用语：谈论社交活动中有关常见的日常交际用语 Shall we have a food festival to make money for his school ? May I invite you to our food festival ? I’d love to, but I’m afraid I have no time. Will you please tell me something about…? What’s up ? Thank you for inviting me to your food festival. Topic2 Cooking is fun 一． 重点词汇： （一）词形转换： 1.cook(名词)cook/cooker 2.fine(副词)finely 3.gentle(副词)gently 4.noise(形容词)noisy 5.noisy(副词)noisily 6.hot（名词）heat 7.polite(反义词)impolite 8.proud(名词)pride （二）重点词组： 1.be ready to do sb./sth. 乐意/准备做某事 2.be kind to sb./sth . 对某人/某物友好 3.slice…finely 精细地把……切小 4.for a few minutes 过了一会儿 5.fill…with… 用……装满 6.drink to somebody 为……干杯（或祝酒） 7.finish doing 做完某事 8.sit down at the table 坐在桌子旁边 9.at table 吃饭，就餐 10.start with 以……开始 11..raise glass 举杯 12.take a sip 喝一小口 13.around the world=all over the world=in the world 世界各地 二.重点句型： 1.You often teach me to be kind to the poor and the old. 你经常教我要善待穷人和老人。 ①teach sb. to do sth.教某人（如何）做某事 ②be kind to do sth. kind是形容词，译为“善待某人” 2.Would you like me to help you? 你需要我的帮忙吗？ 该句表示“客气的请求”，相当于Would you like + to do…?或Will you please + do…? 另外like sb. to do sth.,这里like是动词，相当于want,译为“要某人做某事”。 3.It’s very kind of you. 你真是太好了。 该句等同于You are very kind. 4.After that, fill bowels 70%—80% full with bone soup slowly. 之后，慢慢地在碗里加7—8分的骨头汤。 fill …with“用……装满”,fill用作动词，构成be filled with等同于be full of译为“充满，装满” 如： Fill the glass with water.往杯子里注满水（强调动作） The glass is filled of water.= The glass is full of water. 杯子里装满了水（强调状态） 5.It’s not impolite to smoke during a meal in France. 在法国，吃饭时吸烟不是不礼貌的。 During是介词，后常跟名词或短语，而while是连词，后常跟从句。如： What did you do during the summer holiday? 在暑假期间你做了什么？这里不能用while代替。 6.what does the dinner start with ? 晚餐先吃什么？ begin/start with 以……开始，如：Let’s start our class with Unit 1. 让我们从第一单元开始上课。 7.Never drink too much during a dinner. 就餐时千万别喝太多。 too much 是用来修饰不可数名词，too many是修饰可数名词，而much too是修饰形容词和副词。如：too much water太多的水，too many trees太多的树木，much too tired太累了 8.In parts of India, they use their fingers and bread to pick up the food .在印度地区，他们用手指和面包来抓食物。 这里pick up译为“抓起，拾起”，另外还有“（用车）接（人或物）之意。如： I’ll come to pick you up.我会开车去接你。 三、语法学习： 1.宾语从句（二） 宾语从句的第二种类型由if或whether连接词引导，语序要用陈述句语序，意思是 “是否”“是不是”。如： I don’t know if/whether it is fine tomorrow.(语序必须是陈述句的) Do you know if/whether he’ll come? I don’t know if/whether he’ll come.（宾语从句用将来时态） Δ比较:If he comes tomorrow, let me know.(条件状语从句用现在时态) Δ注：if引导状语从句，译为“如果”；引导宾语从句，译为“是否”，等同于whether。当宾语从句后面有or not时，一般用whether,不用if。 2．掌握并懂得正确应用It is+adj. + to do sth..句型 It is+adj. + to do sth.句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。通常若主语太长，为避免头重脚轻，可用it 作形式主语，将动词不定式后置。如： It is necessary to study English hard. It’s polite to smoke during a meal in France. 四、日常交际用语：有关就餐前的日常交际用语 What’s the most popular in your restaurant ? .What’s your favorite Chinese dish? .Would you like me to help you? Of course. It’s very kind of you. .How do you to make it? It sounds difficult. .Well done! Topic3. A wonderful food festival! 一、重点词汇： （一）词型转换： 1.sell (名词)sale 2.buy (反义词) sell 3.else (同义词)other 4.regular (副词)regularly 5.noisily (比较级)more noisily 6.neatly (最高级)most neatly （二）重点词组： 1.shine brightly 阳光灿烂 2.many different delicious food 各种不同的可口食物 3.on sale 上市，出售 4.kind―hearted 心地善良 5.a table for two 一张双人桌 6.have the bill=get/pay the bill 结帐，付帐 7.go Dutch 各付各的帐/AA制 8.main course 主食，主菜 9.go well 进展顺利 10.sell well 卖得很好 11.be worth doing… 值得做…… 12.send to… 把……寄给 13.send for… 派人去请 14.keep a balanced diet 保持日常饮食均衡 15.not only…but also… 不但……而且 16.not all 并非所有的 二、重点句型： 1.enjoy yourselves! 祝你们玩得开心！ enjoy oneself 相当于have a good /nice/great/wonderful time 2.Anything else ? 还要别的吗？ else译为“别的”“其他的”常修饰疑问词，不定代词并放在所修饰词的后面。如：what else, who else, nobody else, something else等。other也表示“别的”“其他的”，但它修饰名词。如：some other people其他的一些人，other修饰名词people,不能用else代替。 3.The Beijing roast duck smells nice and tastes nice, too. 北京烤鸭闻起来很香尝起来也香。 ① 这里smell和taste都是系动词，后面加上形容词nice表语，构成系表结构，“系动词+adj.”构成系表结构，这类动词还有look, feel, sound, seem, get, turn, become, grow, make, keep等。 ②too, also, as well和either 都可以表示“也”，但用法不同： also较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末：too多用于口语，位置通常在句末，前面 常有逗号隔开，as well也多用于口语，只用于句末，以上3个词都不用于否定句，而either 却用于否定句。如 He also plays the piano.他也弹钢琴。 He is a worker, too. 他也是个工人。 He plays the guitars as well.他也弹吉他。 He was not there ,either.他也不在那里。 4.We must remember that we should eat not only our favorite food but also other healthy food. 我们必须记住我们不仅要吃我们喜欢吃的食物，而且还要吃其他有益健康的食物 not only…but also…不但……而且，这种结构属于“对称”的句型，要求only和also 尽量用同样的词语，如： She not only reads English ,but also speaks French. 她不仅能看懂英语，而且还能说法语。 5.The more regularly we eat, the healthier we are.我们的饮食越有规律，我们身体就越健康。The+比较级……，the+比较级……表越……就越。如： The more trees we plant, the more beautiful our city is. 我们种越多的树，我们的城市就越漂亮。 6.Not all students have a regular breakfast.并非所有的学生早餐饮食有规律。 Not all译成“并非所有的”，是部分否定。如： Not all students like swimming. 并不是所有的学生喜欢游泳。 三、 语法学习： 1.宾语从句第三种类是由what, which, whose , whom, who, where, when, why, how等引导，应注意语序变化（宾语从句是陈述语序）这类宾语从句是由特殊问句转变而来的，要用wh–特殊疑问词来引导，意义即为疑问词本身的含义。如： Tell me what you want.告诉我你想要什么？ Can you hear what I said? 你能听见我说了什么吗？ You may ask him when he come.你可以问他什么时候来。 Do you know who will come at the meeting?你知道谁要来参加会议吗？ Tell me how she looked after her operation.告诉我她术后恢复的怎么样。 注意：(1)宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，尤其要注意whether, if和wh–疑问句引导的宾语从句的语序，即按照主语，谓语的顺序。如： Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗？ I don’t know who all those people are.我不知道那些人是谁。 (2)宾语从句要考虑“时态一致”即当主句是过去时，从句也要用过去的某一时态。如： He asked me which my favorite Chinese dish was.他问我最喜爱的中国菜是那一样。 Did you know who they were?你知道他们是谁吗？ (3)若宾语从句跟在动词think, believe, suppose, except等后面，表示“要”，“认为”，句子的否定在主句上，称“否定前移”。如： I don't think you are right.我认为你是不对的。 You don't think he is right, do you? 你认为他是不对的，是吗？ 2.副词的比较级和最高级的构成 （1）规则副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则。如下表： 单音节词或少数双音节词 构成规则 一般在词尾 加–er或 –est 以e结尾的词加 –r或–st 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i,在加–er或–est 例词 fast faster fastest late later latest early earlier earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词 构成规则 在词前加more或most 例词 slowly more slowly most slowly carefully more carefully most carefully
少数不规则副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式如下表： 原级 well badly little much far 比较级 better worse less more farther/further 最高级 best worst least most farthest/furthest
(2) 副词比较等级的用法 a. 同级比较：表示两者在某一方面程度相同时，用“as+副词原形+as”的句式；但表示前者不如后者时，用“not so(as)+副词原形+as”的句式。如； The boys are listening as carefully as the girls. 男生们跟女生们在一样认真地听。 He didn’t dance so(as) well as Jim. 他跳舞没有吉姆跳得好 b.比较级：表示一方程度比另一方更高时，用“副词比较级+than”的句式。在这一句式中，当than前后的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。副词比较级前常用much., a little, still, even表示“更……”，这也可以作为判断比较级的依据。如： I sing better than she (does). 我唱歌比她唱得好。 My brother did much better in his lessons than I.我哥哥功课学得比我好多了。 c.最高级：表示三个或三个以上的人或物的比较时，用副词最高级。结构为“the+副词最高级+比较范围。”其中的the常省去，比较范围常用of或in…短语。如： Maria speaks English (the) best in our class. 在我们班上，玛丽亚英语讲得最好。 He studies (the) hardest of the three boys. 这三个男孩中，他学习最用功。 四、日常交际用语：有关就餐时日常交际用语 Here is the menu for you. May I take your order? Would you like to try…?/start with…? I’d like…,please. Which kind of drink would you like, beer, wine or tea? Anything else? No, that’s all. May I have the bill? Let’s go Dutch. Unit 8 Beautiful Clothes Topic 1 What a nice coat ! 一． 重点词汇及短语： （一）词汇： 1.服装名称： belt腰带 blouse宽松的上衣 boots 靴子 cap 帽子 coat外套 dress套裙 gloves手套 hat 帽子 jacket夹克 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子 raincoat雨衣 scarf围巾 shirt衬衣 shoes鞋子 shorts 短裤 skirt裙子 socks 短袜 stockings长袜 suit套服 sweater毛衣 tie领带 2.小件 briefcase公文包 purse钱包 umbrella雨伞 wallet 皮夹 3.衣服号码 small小号 medium 中号 large 大号 extra large特大号 （二）短语： 1.on the first floor 在一楼 2.get…from… 从……中得到…… 3.shopping center 购物中心 4.catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意 5.go with… 与……相配 6.on special days 在特殊的日子 7.in fact 事实上，实际上 8.thanksgiving Day 感恩节 9.depend on 依靠，依赖,相信 10.It’s said that 据说 11.Santa Claus 圣诞老人 12.the same…as… 与……一样 13.protect…from… 保护……使不受…… 14.as well as 也，还 15.be made of/from 由……制成 二． 重点句型： 1.what’s it made of?它是由什么做成的？ be made of意为“由……制成”（看出原料），类似结构的短语还有 be made from“由……制成”（看不出原料） be made in “某物生产于某地” be made up of“由……组成” be made into“把……作成某产品”如： The table is made of wood.这张桌子是木头制成的。 Paper is made from wood.纸是木材做成的。 The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本产的。 The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由十位大夫组成。 Bamboo can be made into walking sticks and fishing rods. 用竹子可以制成很好的拐杖和钓鱼竿。 2.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。 “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”如： The little tree is getting taller and taller.那棵小树越来越高了。 对于多音节的形容词或副词则这样表达more and more+adj/adv.如： The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 那个女孩变得越来越漂亮了 3.We can get cotton from plants and get wool,silk and leather from animals. 我们可以从植物中获得棉花，从动物中获得羊毛、丝绸和皮革。 get sth .from/sth./sb.从某事或某人处获得某物。 4.A…caught her eye.一个……引起了她的注意。如：catch one’s eye 意为“吸引某人的注意”如： Can you catch the teacher’s eye? 你能引起老师的注意吗？ 5.What the people there wear depends on their likes and dislikes. 人们的衣着取决于他们的喜好。 depend on 意为“依靠、依赖”如： We depend on our hard work.我们依靠我们的努力工作。 6.Some people prefer to dress formally…一些人宁可打扮得正式些 prefer 宁肯，更喜欢……， prefer A to B = like A better than B I like prefer singing =I like singing better.我更喜欢唱歌。 I prefer swimming to skating.比起滑冰我更喜欢游泳。 7.While many South American people have the same way of dressing as Australia? 然而许多南美的人们和澳大利亚有相同的衣着方式。 While用于对比两件事物，意为“而……，然而……” Michael is interested in music, while his brother prefers P.E. 迈克对音乐感兴趣，而他的兄弟却更喜欢体育。 the same… as 和……一样/相同，反义词：be different from…与……不一样，如： My idea is the same as yours, but it’s different from his我的主意和你的一样，但和他的不一样。 8.People first started wearing clothes to protect themselves from the sun ,wind, rain and cold.人们最早穿衣服是为了保护他们不受日晒、风吹、雨打以及寒冷。 protect …from sth/doing sth 阻止……做…… The trees can protect the sand from moving.树可以防止沙子向前移。 Try to protect your skin from the sun.尽量保护你的皮肤不受太阳暴晒。 三． 语法学习：感叹句 （1）感叹句用于表示说话时的一种较为强烈的感情。如：喜悦、赞叹、惊异、愤怒、厌恶等。感叹句的构成为“感叹部分+陈述部分+（主语+谓语）”，感叹部分由感叹词引导，陈述部分为整个感叹句的主语和谓语，句尾要用叹号“！”，读时要用降调。如： What a nice day it is ! 多好的天气！ What a good boy he is ! 多好的男孩！ How silly you are ! 你真傻！ How beautiful it is ! 它多美啊！ （2）感叹句的四种形式： What +a(an)+名词单数+主语+谓语 What +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语 How +形容词+主语+be How +副词+主语+动词 （3）口语中，what或how引导的感叹句可省略主语+谓语。如： What an interesting book! /How interesting! ( 4) what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换。 What a beautiful girl she is!=How beautiful the girl is! How delicious the food is!=What delicious food it is! Topic2 What would you like to wear ? 一． 重点词汇： 1.school uniform 校服 2.allow sb.to do sth 允许某人做某事 3.make a survey 做调查 4.be in need 在需要时 5.take off 脱下，脱掉；起飞 6.on every occasion 在每一个场合 7.have a business meeting 开商务会议 8.dress for 为……穿衣服/打扮 9.in fashion 流行，时尚 10.out of fashion 不流行，过时 11.advise sb.(not) to do sth. 建议/劝告某人（不要）做某事 12.at other times 在其余的时候；有的时候 二． 重点句型： 1.I don’t like uniform because they will so ugly on us. 我不喜欢校服，因为我们穿了它看起来很丑。 look so ugly on us意为“穿在我们身上看起来很丑” 2.I think our school should allow us to design our own uniform. 我认为我们的学校应该允许我们设计自己的校服。 allow“允许、许可”，allow sb .to do sth.“允许某人做某事”如： Mr.Wang allows us to play football.王老师允许我们踢足球。 3.They are good for patients. 他们对病人有好处。 be good for 对……有益，be bad for 对……有坏处，be good at 擅长于 4.Second,patients can find easily when they are in need. 第二，当病人需要我们时，会很容易地找到我们。 be in need “需要”，与 need同义。如： When you are in need, you can call me.当你在需要的时候，你可以打电话给我。 5.You should take off your shoes when you enter someone’s home in Japan. 当你进入日本人家的时候，必须先脱掉鞋子。 take off意为“脱下，脱掉”，反义词组是put on. take off还可表示“起飞” The plane will take off in an hour.飞机将在一小时内起飞。 6.But now ,most of us can dress for ourselves. 但是现在我们大多数人都可以自己打扮。 dress for“为……穿衣服” put on“穿（戴）上”的动作，反义词take off wear, have …on, be on…“穿（戴）着”的状态。 dress sb./oneself“给别人/自己穿衣服，dress up“穿上盛穿、乔装打扮” dress后不能接“衣服”类的词作宾语。 7.It’s well-known that uniforms are not popular but useful. 众所周知，制服不流行但有用。 ①It’s well- known…意为“众所周知”如： It’s well- known that this song is very popular. 众所周知，这首歌很流行。 ②not…but… 不是……而是…… He isn’t a teacher but a doctor.他不是一个老师而是一个医生。 三． 语法学习： ① 跟to do的动词口诀 希望想学就同意， (hope, wish, would like, want, learn, agree) 需要决定选to do。 (need, decide, choose) 开始喜欢又讨厌， (begin, start, like, prefer, love, hate) to do, doing意无别。 忘、记停止继续试。 (forget, remember, stop, go on, try)to do意不同。 命令警告邀人教， (order ,warn, ask, tell, invite, teach sb .to do) 希望要让别人做。 (wish,want, would like, get, allow sb .to do) 五看三使役， (see, look at, watch, notice, observe, make, let, have) 二听一感半帮助， (hear, listen to; feel; (to)help) 主动to字要离去，被动to字要回府。 ② 跟do的动词口诀 听观感使让帮请最好不带to，为什么不呢？ (hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,feel,make,let,have,help,please, had better,why not) Topic3 Let’s go to see the fashion show 一． 重点词汇： 1. fashion show 时装表演/时装秀 2. T-shaped stag T型台 3. in the center of 在……的中心 4. high fashion 高级时尚 5. in the world of 在……领域 6. wedding dress 婚纱 7.stand for 代表 8.get one’s name 得名 9.be known to 为……所知 10.be designed as 以……来设计 11.except for 除……之外 二.重点句型： 1.There is going to be a fashion show in fashion show in Xidan Shopping center. 在西单购物中心将会有一场时装秀。 There is going to be…是There be结构的将来时,表示某地将举行某项运动，或将有某物。如：There is going to be a football match in our school next week.=There will be a football match in our school next week.我们学校下周将有一场足球比赛。 there is/are going to be=there will be 2. Here come the models. 模特走过来了。 （1）英语中以here或there开头的句子要倒装，除主语是代词外，动词要放在主语之前。 如：Here come Mary! 玛丽来了！ Here come the bus! 车来了！ (2)主语若是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。 如：Here she comes.她来了。 Here it is.它在这儿。 2. The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture. 唐装代表着中国的历史和服装文化。 stand for意为“代表”，如：It stands for Olympics.它代表着奥林匹克。 3. The so-called Tang costume got its name because China became known to other countries during the Han and Tang Dynasties.所谓的唐装是因为中国在汉、唐时期开始文明于世而得名。 （1）so-called所谓的 （2）get one’s name得名 如：The village got its name from the lake in it.这个村庄因村内的湖泊而得名。 4. Chinese fashion is different from not only western fashion,but also fashion from other Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.中国时装不仅不同于西方国家，也有别于其他亚洲国家，如日本和韩国等。 （1） be different from与……不同 （2）not only …but also意为“不但……而且” （3）such as例如，比如说 5. Today the Tang costume can be designed as formal or casual clothes.现在唐装被设计成有正式款的，也有休闲款的。 be designed as被设计成 如：They decided that the theater will be designed as a palace.他们决定把那个剧院设计成宫殿模样。 6. Today,few people wear kimonos except for special occasions like weddings and national celebrations. except for除……之外 如：The roads were clear except for a few cars. 除了几辆小汽车外，马路上空荡荡的。 三．语法学习：跟doing的动词口诀 怎样善于做贡献？（What/how about doing ,be good at/do well in doing, make a contribution to doing） 阻止他人放弃练。(stop/prevent/keep sb .from doing, give up doing, practice doing) 有难宁可不介意,（have problems doing, prefer doing sth./to doing sth, mind doing） 建议花时忙完成。(suggest doing, spend doing, be busy doing, finish doing) 使人不禁有信心，(keep sb.doing sth., can’t help doing ,have confidence in doing) 继续展望想未来。（keep/keep on doing, look forward to doing, feel like doing） 惊喜满意又兴奋，（be amazed/surprised at doing, be pleased/satisfied with doing, be excited about doing） 牢记doing值得喜洋洋。 (be worth doing, enjoy doing, have fun doing)