and 表递进?The scientific discipline called general systems the

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and 表递进?
The scientific discipline called general systems theory formulates principles that are valid for systems in general,no matter the elements involved and the reaction or forces among them.
为什么them指代的是elements
那这个and表示的递进关系么

them 指elements
and 表并列
被称为通用系统论的科学学科系统阐述了一般而言对于系统有效的原则,无论相关的元素是什么,以及元素之间如何相互作用.
force and reaction是物理学中作用力和反作用力
参考：www.cyut.edu.tw/~rtchang/GsystemTheory.doc

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