英语翻译An environmental comparison of repair versus replacement

英语翻译
An environmental comparison of repair versus replacement in vehicle maintenance
a b s t r a c t
In consequence of traffic accidents car maintenance is essential.There are two maintenance options:to either repair the damaged components or replace them.Economic and environmental considerations come into making the optimal choice.This article develops a comparative environmental assessment of the options for typical non-structural damage to passenger cars using life cycle assessment.The results show that the environmental impact is generally lower when a damaged car component is repaired than when a new one is fitted.Single process steps have a significant influence on the results,and selective improvements may have an effect on the respective impacts.
1.Introduction
In 2008,there were 1.9 million traffic accidents in Germany,with 95% causing neither injuries to passengers or structural damage to vehicles (StaBA,2009).For damage to non-structural components of cars,such as a minor stone impact on a windscreen or the deformations of a wing,there is usually the choice of either repairing the components affected or replacing them.The decision as to whether repair or replacement is essentially an economic one as far as the vehicle owner is concerned.Environmentally aware vehicle owners,however,may include additional factors in their considerations,and garages and manufacturers may adopt environmental assessment indicators to optimise their environmental performance.
What is,however,the most environmentally friendly choice?On the one hand,the material efforts of making a repair appear to be less than those required for replacing parts.On the other hand,industrial processes are in general more efficient
than handcrafted work,and the existing recycling of spare parts reduces the environmental impact of replacement even further.
2.Objectives
Here,we identify and quantify relevant environmental information regarding the alternative approaches of repairing versus replacing in vehicle maintenance.It provides an overarching assessment of technical processes,including production
pre-chains and the associated infrastructure processes.Further,a possibly unintended shift in the burden between different environmental compartments could be identified.The assessment involves looking at the complete environmental burden of the options for different damaged vehicles or vehicle components.
Four types of damage are compared; denting of a side panel of a car,a crack in front bumpers,stone impact on the windscreen,and scratches to the car lacquer.For the purpose of comparability,the functional base unit is defined as the recovery
of one damaged car.Any quantification refers to the flow of one maintained car.An essential assumption is that all recovery processes are within construction and other technical limits.Consequently,the non-repaired vehicle is not the subject of
assessment and can be disregarded.
3.Methodological considerations
The environmental assessment has to meet the following characteristics:
\x02 The assessment refers to the process of maintaining one damaged car.
\x02 The analysis is not about any specific model of a car but refers to an unspecified compact class car.The assessment
method thus has to provide generic results for the environmental performance of repair and of
replacement.
\x02 To avoid unintended side effects,the assessment shall not refer solely to the maintenance processes themselves,but
also include linked processes (e.g.electricity production,transportation efforts,recycling processes) to the largest possible
extent.
\x02 There are several types of environmental impacts,e.g.climate effects,health implications,and water acidification.The
instrument of choice shall address several of these impacts rather than a single one,such as the carbon footprint
method.For a discussion of the impact categories,see the list below.

从环保的角度比较汽车部件的维修和更换
概述
由于交通事故的结果,汽车必须维修.有两种维修的选择：修理损坏的部件或更换部件.在选择中要进行经济和环保的考量.就该选择上,本文对轿车寿命的评估就非结构性的损坏进行了环保方面的比较性的评估.结果表明,就损坏的部件进行修理,比换上新部件对于环境影响方面的更低.简单的步骤可以大大地影响结果,选择性的改进在环保和经济因素各方面都有影响.
1,简介
在2008年,德国有一百九十万起交通事故,有95%既没有人身受伤也没有车辆结构性的损坏（2009BA统计） .对于非结构性的损坏,比如小石头打坏了挡风玻璃或者一侧变形了,通常是选择修理损坏的部件或是更换.从车主的角度,这决定基本上是根据哪一种选择更经济来做出的.然而环保意识强的车主可能会加入更多的考虑,汽车修理厂和制造厂也会制定环保指标来优化其环保性能.
然而,什么是最环保的选择?材料上的影响方面,修理起来比更换部件要小,从另一方面看,工业制造比手工操作一般来说更有效率,同时现有的对更换下来的部件回收对减少环境的影响更长远.
2,目标
在这里,我们要针对维修和更换的选择,在环保的信息方面做确定和量化的规定.它提供了一个技术性的、包括生产上全面的评估.
（生产?）链连同与其有关的基础建设进程.更进一步,在不同的环境影响部分之间可能没有预想的互换应当被表明.该评估包括审查车辆不同的损坏和不同部分的损坏对环境造成的全部负担.
比较四种损坏：车的侧车身凹陷、前保险杠断裂、挡风玻璃被石头打坏、漆被划坏.通过对比的,建立起修复车辆的功能性的基础单位.量化方面参考一辆汽车修理的流程.基本的前提是,所有的修理都要在结构和其他技术的范围之内.不能修理的车辆没有被考量可以忽略不计.
问题补充：
3.方法上的考虑
环境方面的评估,必须符合下列特点：
评估是针对修复损坏的汽车过程.
这个分析不是关于某一种汽车牌子型号,而是未限定的小型汽车.这个评估方法必须提供一个关于汽车修理和更换配件环保作用方面的一般性结果.
为了避免意外的副作用,评估应不仅指的保养过程本身,也应最大可能地包括链接过程（如：电力生产,运输工作,回收过程）.
有几种类型的环境影响,例如气候的影响,健康影响,以及水酸化.可选择的方法应针对这些影响的几个,而不是单一的,如碳足迹计算方法.有关受影响类别的讨论,见以下列表.
再问： 大哥你翻译的很好，先谢谢你，我这篇还有1半传不上来（字数限制），不知道怎么样能让你看下呢？
再答： 发到我的空间留言就可以。