英语语法问题:1.I noticed the lights were on.I assumed they were at

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英语语法问题:1.I noticed the lights were on.I assumed they were at home.
2.There's a fault in the earth's crust.It run along the west coast of the USA.
第1句话可以改写为：I noticed the lights were on,assuming they were at home.
第2句话可以改写为：There's a fault in the earth'crust runing along the west coast of the USA.
这两句话为什么一改写一个加逗号,一个不加?

第一个句子中的ing部分相当于一个状语,表示伴随情况或补充说明
第二个句子中的ing部分是充当定语,它紧跟在所修饰的词之后,这个句子也可以改成一个定语从句：
There's fault in the earth's curst whic ran along the west coast of the USA.
再问： There's a fault in the earth'crust runing along the west coast of the USA.句子中的runing修饰的是不是fault?
再答：不是，是修饰the earth's crust。
the earth's crust是定语从句的先行词。
再问： The presideng waved to the reporter这句话中为什么用被动语态，挥手不应该是主动的吗
再答：这里的wave是一个不及物动词，wave to/at 向/朝某人挥手，这里不能用被动语态。
再问：可这里就是这样用的.只是过去式？
再答：是的，这是一个一般过去时态
总统向这位记者挥手致意。
再问： He emerged from the airport.The president waved to the reporters.
The President emerged from the airport waving to the report
可是这里一改怎么变成waving了？
再答：你可以注意以下两个句子：
The president emerged from the airport and waved to the report.(由and连接的两个并列关系的简单句）
The president emerged from the airport,waving to the report.(是一个包括非谓语动词短语的简单句,句中的现在分词短语是用作状语，表示补充说明或伴随情况的。）
再问：可他中间没有逗号，难道是教材有问题？

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