详细解答一下to、for、the的用法

详细解答一下to、for、the的用法

For和to这两个介词,意义丰富,用法复杂.这里仅就它们主要用法进行比较.
一、表示各种“目的”,用“for”
eg.
1. What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语?
2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了.
3. These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的.
4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算,作最坏的准备.
2． 对于用“for”
eg.
1．She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画 .
2．She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/
3． 表示赞成同情,用“for”
eg.
1.Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法?
2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情.
3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill.
4 表示因为,由于（常有较活译法）,用“for”
eg.
1 Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来.
2. France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名.
5． 当事人对某事的主观看法,对于（某人）,对…来说（多和形容词连用）,
用介词to,不用for.
eg.
He said that money was not important to him.
他说钱对他并不重要.
To her it was rather unusual.
对她来说这是相当不寻常的.
They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍.
6． 和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用,表示适宜,适合.用for.
eg.
Some training will make them fit for the job.
经过一段训练,他们会胜任这项工作的.
Exercises are good for health.
锻炼有益于健康.
Smoking and drinking are bad for health.
抽烟喝酒对健康有害.
You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing.
7. 表示不定式逻辑上的主语,可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中.
1． It would be best for you to write to him.
2． The simple thing is for him to resign at once.
3． There was nowhere else for me to go.
4． He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.
8. 表示前往（某地）去某地,用for不用to
I bought a ticket for Milan.
I start for Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天去上海.
The ship is for Liverpool. 这艘船是开往利物浦的.
9. 表示到达的目的地、终点.用to不用for
The bus will take you to the post office. 公共汽车会把你送到邮局去的.
He saw her to the railway station. 他把她送到火车站.
10． 作为（意思接近as）for可以与to互换.
I’ll keep it for a souvenir. 我将把它留作纪念.
He spoke English so well that I took him for a foreigner.
他英语说的那么好,我还以为他是外国人.
He took her to (or for) wife. 他娶她为妻.
11．表示交换
1） I bought a bicycle for seven hundred yuan.
我以七百元买了一辆自行车.
2） He is willing to work for nothing.
他愿意义务地工作.
12．表示就…来说,用for
He was tall for his age. 以他的年龄来说他的个子是很高的.
For so young a man he had read widely. 作为这样年轻的人,他书读的是够多了.
13．表示相应、对应,一般for 的前后用同一个名词.
Don’t translate word for word. 不要逐词翻译.
Blood for blood ! 血债血偿.
Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 以眼还眼,以牙还牙.
To 的此种用法表示贴着,对着.
The two lovers dance cheek to cheek.
这对情侣跳贴面舞.
They stood face to face ( back to back )
他们面对面（背对背）地站着.
14 to 和动词连用,表示“对”,“向”“给”等
Did you mention this to him? 你向他提到这事了吗?
Give my love to your parents. 代我向你父母问好.
I have to apologize to you. 我得向你道歉.
the
1 表示特定的人或物 The book on the table is mine .
2表示听话人和说话人彼此都熟悉的人或物
Lock the door , please.
3 第一次提到的人或物要用不定冠词表示,再次提到时,用定冠词．
Ihave a bike . The bike is blue .
4 表示世界上独一无二的东西（专有名词除外）
the sun \ the moon \ the world \ the sky ...
5表示国家,团体,机关,党派等词组前
the United States
the Communist Party
the working class
6 用在表示乐器的名词前 play the piano
7用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人
The Greens are watching TV.
8用在单数可数名词和名词化的形容词前,表示类别
The horse is a useful animal .
He often helps the poor .
9用在序数词,形容词最高级（副词最高级前可以有定冠词,也可以没有）和方位名词前
the first lesson
the biggest tree
in the east / north / west / south
10用在地理名词前
the West Lake
the Yangtze River
11用在报纸,条约,会议等名词前
the New York Times 纽约时报
the Atlantic Pact 大西洋公约
the Geneva Agreement 日内瓦条约
12用于某些建筑物前
the National Gallery 国家美术馆
the Workers' Gymnasium 工人体育馆
13用于主要由普通名词构成的专有名词前
the United Nations
the Unites States
14用在逢十的数词复数形式前,表示世纪中的特定年代或人的大约的岁数
in the 1990s /in the 1990's 在二十世纪九十年代
a man in the forties 一个四十多岁的男人
15用在”动词＋人称代词宾格＋介词＋the ＋身体的某一部位”这一结构中
I hit him on the face .
16用于合唱团,管弦乐队,流行音乐团体等名称前
the Bach Choir 巴赫合唱团
17用于某些固定的词组中
in the future
all the time
on the left / right
in the end
at the beginning of
round the clock ...