灵鹊做题网求一篇商务英语论文（土木英语论文也行） 1000-1600字 英文论文
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求一篇商务英语论文（土木英语论文也行） 1000-1600字 英文论文
要求有题目,摘要（200字） introduction,body.
要求有题目,摘要（200字） introduction,body.
一般商务英语论文都在4000字以上,提供你一一部分,供参考.你可加发邮件至John200506@126.com 请求发送,我传给你.
Pragmatic Functions of Hedging in International Business English
[Abstract]
The fuzzy language is the ubiquitous language phenomenon in the human language socializing while the fuzzy rhetoric is one kind of art,which effectively utilizes the language fuzziness to enhance the expression effect.This article probes into the language from the angle to the fuzzy language and the fuzzy rhetoric,mainly analyses the basic characteristics of the fuzzy linguistics,the reasons,the linguistic functions as well as the fuzzy rhetoric effect in the international commercial language,and indicates the fuzziness of the international business language and the importance of the fuzzy rhetoric effect in actual commercial intercommunication.Subsequently,it holds that the better understanding of the fuzzy language phenomenon in commercial English with its linguistic function and the fuzzy rhetoric effect,the more appropriate handling for the fuzzy language,the better commercial intercommunication effect achieved.
[Key words] fuzzy language; international commercial English:the linguistic function; fuzzy rhetoric; commercial intercommunication
Introduction
Fuzzy and precise are the basic attributes of the human language.The language not only has the accuracy,also has its fuzziness,they are indispensable and both complement one another.Just like English linguist Jones said:"We all (including those pursuing precise and unmistakable persons) in speaking and writing use the terminology and the principle not precisely,indefinitely,with the difficulty to give their definition,this certainly does not hinder the extremely useful of the word we use,moreover it is essential,as the human has the general knowledge (direct feeling,intuition),usually people use the imprecise expression method and the terminology with the difficulty to give its definition,but they still mutually understood." ⑴
The business language is the human language used in the commercial situations,thus,it similarly has these attributes.One important characteristic of international commercial English is clarity,namely in the written commerce correspondence and the contract or carrying on commercial negotiations and so on we should avoid using the ambiguous or interpretation languages to avoid inconvenient and misunderstanding in the commercial activities.However,in the actual commercial intercommunications,the business language has its fuzziness.
1.Fuzzy language
Language fuzziness actually reflects many transition phenomena existed in the objective reality.American philosopher Max Black said that,"The word fuzziness symbol is the limited scope which the word utilizes without clear boundary." ⑵ In other words,word fuzziness displays that it has the application-enclosed area,but this region boundary is not explicit.Lakoff explains hedges as " words and expressions made things fuzzy " are the most common,the most typical fuzzy language.⒀ As far as the substantiality concerned,the language itself is not quantification fuzzy set; it has the immateriality shape and the non-intuitionistic dim characteristics.The fuzzy language uses in the certain linguistic environment and the situation,it may play the unique role,the fuzzy language information on the surface seems fuzzy,but it substantially and relatively accurately expresses the complex emotion,the spoken motive or the latent consciousness; it relatively objectively rigorously expresses some kind of observation,the viewpoint,the forecast or the theory,thus it implicitly expresses the real thought and the innermost world,or it provides the logical,correct and reliable information.
Language fuzziness is different to the ambiguity (different meanings) or thickness of language,“ambiguity or ambivalence" refers to the language mark sequence of the identical form to express two or above different significances,the unconscious result produced in the language use process,it may be eliminated.“Thickness” refers to something originally should be said clearly has not been said clearly,often refers to the negative results produced by improperly using of the language,a phenomenon which must be avoided as far as possible.
"Fuzzy" refers to a kind of indefiniteness,which the central meaning of words and expressions in the language is clear about,but the scope boundary of the words and expressions is indefinite ⑶.This indefiniteness or fuzziness usually cannot or needlessly be removed through the context; it was determined by the fuzziness of the objective thing itself and the indefiniteness of people knowing about the objective world.
Pragmatic Functions of Hedging in International Business English
[Abstract]
The fuzzy language is the ubiquitous language phenomenon in the human language socializing while the fuzzy rhetoric is one kind of art,which effectively utilizes the language fuzziness to enhance the expression effect.This article probes into the language from the angle to the fuzzy language and the fuzzy rhetoric,mainly analyses the basic characteristics of the fuzzy linguistics,the reasons,the linguistic functions as well as the fuzzy rhetoric effect in the international commercial language,and indicates the fuzziness of the international business language and the importance of the fuzzy rhetoric effect in actual commercial intercommunication.Subsequently,it holds that the better understanding of the fuzzy language phenomenon in commercial English with its linguistic function and the fuzzy rhetoric effect,the more appropriate handling for the fuzzy language,the better commercial intercommunication effect achieved.
[Key words] fuzzy language; international commercial English:the linguistic function; fuzzy rhetoric; commercial intercommunication
Introduction
Fuzzy and precise are the basic attributes of the human language.The language not only has the accuracy,also has its fuzziness,they are indispensable and both complement one another.Just like English linguist Jones said:"We all (including those pursuing precise and unmistakable persons) in speaking and writing use the terminology and the principle not precisely,indefinitely,with the difficulty to give their definition,this certainly does not hinder the extremely useful of the word we use,moreover it is essential,as the human has the general knowledge (direct feeling,intuition),usually people use the imprecise expression method and the terminology with the difficulty to give its definition,but they still mutually understood." ⑴
The business language is the human language used in the commercial situations,thus,it similarly has these attributes.One important characteristic of international commercial English is clarity,namely in the written commerce correspondence and the contract or carrying on commercial negotiations and so on we should avoid using the ambiguous or interpretation languages to avoid inconvenient and misunderstanding in the commercial activities.However,in the actual commercial intercommunications,the business language has its fuzziness.
1.Fuzzy language
Language fuzziness actually reflects many transition phenomena existed in the objective reality.American philosopher Max Black said that,"The word fuzziness symbol is the limited scope which the word utilizes without clear boundary." ⑵ In other words,word fuzziness displays that it has the application-enclosed area,but this region boundary is not explicit.Lakoff explains hedges as " words and expressions made things fuzzy " are the most common,the most typical fuzzy language.⒀ As far as the substantiality concerned,the language itself is not quantification fuzzy set; it has the immateriality shape and the non-intuitionistic dim characteristics.The fuzzy language uses in the certain linguistic environment and the situation,it may play the unique role,the fuzzy language information on the surface seems fuzzy,but it substantially and relatively accurately expresses the complex emotion,the spoken motive or the latent consciousness; it relatively objectively rigorously expresses some kind of observation,the viewpoint,the forecast or the theory,thus it implicitly expresses the real thought and the innermost world,or it provides the logical,correct and reliable information.
Language fuzziness is different to the ambiguity (different meanings) or thickness of language,“ambiguity or ambivalence" refers to the language mark sequence of the identical form to express two or above different significances,the unconscious result produced in the language use process,it may be eliminated.“Thickness” refers to something originally should be said clearly has not been said clearly,often refers to the negative results produced by improperly using of the language,a phenomenon which must be avoided as far as possible.
"Fuzzy" refers to a kind of indefiniteness,which the central meaning of words and expressions in the language is clear about,but the scope boundary of the words and expressions is indefinite ⑶.This indefiniteness or fuzziness usually cannot or needlessly be removed through the context; it was determined by the fuzziness of the objective thing itself and the indefiniteness of people knowing about the objective world.