灵鹊做题网可以帮我写一段关于艺术和美的文章吗?什么是艺术和美?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：灵鹊做题网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/16 02:08:30
可以帮我写一段关于艺术和美的文章吗?什么是艺术和美?
ART has not always been what we think it is today.An object regarded as Art today may not have been perceived as such when it was first made,nor was the person who made it necessarily regarded as an artist.Both the notion of "art" and the idea of the "artist" are relatively modern terms.
Many of the objects we identify as art today -- Greek painted pottery,medieval manuscript illuminations,and so on -- were made in times and places when people had no concept of "art" as we understand the term.These objects may have been appreciated in various ways and often admired,but not as "art" in the current sense.
ART lacks a satisfactory definition.It is easier to describe it as the way something is done -- "the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects,environments,or experiences that can be shared with others" -- rather than what it is.
The idea of an object being a "work of art" emerges,together with the concept of the Artist,in the 15th and 16th centuries in Italy.
During the Renaissance,the word Art emerges as a collective term encompassing Painting,Sculpture,and Architecture,a grouping given currency by the Italian artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari in the 16th century.Subsequently,this grouping was expanded to include Music and Poetry which became known in the 18th century as the 'Fine Arts'.These five Arts have formed an irreducible nucleus from which have been generally excluded the 'decorative arts' and 'crafts',such as as pottery,weaving,metalworking,and furniture making,all of which have utility as an end.
But how did Art become distinguished from the decorative arts and crafts?How and why is an artist different from a craftsperson?
In the Ancient World and Middle Ages the word we would translate as 'art' today was applied to any activity governed by rules.Painting and sculpture were included among a number of human activities,such as shoemaking and weaving,which today we would call crafts.
Painting has two aspects,the inspirational/conceptual/aesthetic and the craft.Both are needed if the work is to go on pleasing the informed observer.They are also interdependent.New techniques encourage new perspectives,and vice versa.
Art aesthetics is the philosophy of art,and naturally tries to arrive at statements about representation,coherent form,emotive expression and social purpose that are universally true,independent of context and speaker.Unfortunately,that very generality means that aesthetics can often be used to justify a very doubtful piece of work.
But aesthetics is not reviewing,and still less art criticism.Criticism asks:How is this effect achieved?How significant is it?How does it compare with similar works?Criticism is an arduous task,and requires knowledge,sensitivity and expository skill.Reviewing is more ephemeral,and aims primarily to entertain.Journalistic skills are essential,but they do not usually unsettle or extend our appreciation of artworks.Indeed the pressures of the job often requires the reviewer to simply accept the importance of the exhibition,and commend it to the public.
That does not make reviewers insincere,nor necessarily unreliable.Most will have a degree or two in art history,and will know far more about even the old masters than the average gallery goer,painters included.But it does mean,to stay ahead in a notoriously competitive profession,that reviewers must always concern themselves with trends,fashions and personalities.
It is by forming a theoretical bedrock to the complex and ever changing world of the visual arts,that aesthetics becomes important.Reviewing ultimately rests on art criticism,and this in turn probes the aesthetic grounds of our judgment.
Many of the objects we identify as art today -- Greek painted pottery,medieval manuscript illuminations,and so on -- were made in times and places when people had no concept of "art" as we understand the term.These objects may have been appreciated in various ways and often admired,but not as "art" in the current sense.
ART lacks a satisfactory definition.It is easier to describe it as the way something is done -- "the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects,environments,or experiences that can be shared with others" -- rather than what it is.
The idea of an object being a "work of art" emerges,together with the concept of the Artist,in the 15th and 16th centuries in Italy.
During the Renaissance,the word Art emerges as a collective term encompassing Painting,Sculpture,and Architecture,a grouping given currency by the Italian artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari in the 16th century.Subsequently,this grouping was expanded to include Music and Poetry which became known in the 18th century as the 'Fine Arts'.These five Arts have formed an irreducible nucleus from which have been generally excluded the 'decorative arts' and 'crafts',such as as pottery,weaving,metalworking,and furniture making,all of which have utility as an end.
But how did Art become distinguished from the decorative arts and crafts?How and why is an artist different from a craftsperson?
In the Ancient World and Middle Ages the word we would translate as 'art' today was applied to any activity governed by rules.Painting and sculpture were included among a number of human activities,such as shoemaking and weaving,which today we would call crafts.
Painting has two aspects,the inspirational/conceptual/aesthetic and the craft.Both are needed if the work is to go on pleasing the informed observer.They are also interdependent.New techniques encourage new perspectives,and vice versa.
Art aesthetics is the philosophy of art,and naturally tries to arrive at statements about representation,coherent form,emotive expression and social purpose that are universally true,independent of context and speaker.Unfortunately,that very generality means that aesthetics can often be used to justify a very doubtful piece of work.
But aesthetics is not reviewing,and still less art criticism.Criticism asks:How is this effect achieved?How significant is it?How does it compare with similar works?Criticism is an arduous task,and requires knowledge,sensitivity and expository skill.Reviewing is more ephemeral,and aims primarily to entertain.Journalistic skills are essential,but they do not usually unsettle or extend our appreciation of artworks.Indeed the pressures of the job often requires the reviewer to simply accept the importance of the exhibition,and commend it to the public.
That does not make reviewers insincere,nor necessarily unreliable.Most will have a degree or two in art history,and will know far more about even the old masters than the average gallery goer,painters included.But it does mean,to stay ahead in a notoriously competitive profession,that reviewers must always concern themselves with trends,fashions and personalities.
It is by forming a theoretical bedrock to the complex and ever changing world of the visual arts,that aesthetics becomes important.Reviewing ultimately rests on art criticism,and this in turn probes the aesthetic grounds of our judgment.