英语翻译THE TONE INJECTION TECHNIQUEThe basic idea here is to in

英语翻译
THE TONE INJECTION TECHNIQUE
The basic idea here is to increase the constellation
size so that each of the points in the original
basic constellation can be mapped into several
equivalent points in the expanded constellation
[22].Since each symbol in a data block can be
mapped into one of several equivalent constellation
points,these extra degrees of freedom can
be exploited for PAPR reduction.This method
is called tone injection because substituting a
point in the basic constellation for a new point
in the larger constellation is equivalent to injecting
a tone of the appropriate frequency and
phase in the multicarrier signal.
THE ACTIVE CONSTELLATION
EXTENSION TECHNIQUE
Active constellation extension (ACE) is a PAPR
reduction technique similar to TI [23].In this
technique,some of the outer signal constellation
points in the data block are dynamically extended
toward the outside of the original constellation
such that the PAPR of the data block is
reduced.The main idea of this scheme is easily
explained in the case of a multicarrier signal
with QPSK modulation in each subcarrier.In
each subcarrier there are four possible constellation
points that lie in each quadrant in the complex
plane and are equidistant from the real and
imaginary axes.Assuming white Gaussian noise,
the maximum likelihood decision regions are the
four quadrants bounded by the axes; thus,a
received data symbol is decided according to the
quadrant in which the symbol is observed.Any
point that is farther from the decision boundaries
than the nominal constellation point (in the
proper quadrant) will offer increased margin,
which guarantees a lower BER.We can therefore
allow modification of constellation points
within the quarter-plane outside of the nominal
constellation point with no degradation in performance.
This principle is illustrated in Fig.5,
where the shaded region represents the region
of increased margin for the data symbol in the
first quadrant.If adjusted intelligently,a combination
of these additional signals can be used to
partially cancel time domain peaks in the transmit
signal.The ACE idea can be applied to
other constellations as well,such as QAM and
MPSK constellations,because data points that
lie on the outer boundaries of the constellations
have room for increased margin without degrading
the error probability for other data symbols.
This scheme simultaneously decreases the BER
slightly while substantially reducing the peak
magnitude of a data block.Furthermore,there is
no loss in data rate and no side information is
required.However,these modifications increase
the transmit signal power for the data block,and
the usefulness of this scheme is rather restricted
for a modulation with a large constellation size.
It is possible to combine the TR and ACE
techniques to make the convergence of TR much
faster [46]

明暗注入技术
基本的主意这里是增加星座
按规定尺寸制作以便最初人的每点
基本星座能被映射进入一些之内
被扩大的星座同等物点
[22].因为在一个数据区段中的每个符号能是
进入一些相等的星座之一之内映射
点,这些自由罐子的额外程度
被为 PAPR 减少开发.这一个方法
被称为明暗注入因为替换一
对于新的点在基本的星座中指出
在较大的星座中是同等物到注射
适当的频率一个明暗和
逐步实施多运送者信号.
活跃的星座
延长技术
活跃的星座延长 (么点) 是 PAPR
与 TI 类似的减少技术 [23].在这
技术,一些外部的信号星座
数据区段的点动态地被延长
向那在最初的星座外面
以致于数据区段的 PAPR 是
减少.这一个方案的主要主意容易地
在多运送者信号的情况解释
藉由每个副载波的 QPSK 调音.在
每个副载波有四个可能的星座
在于合成物的每个四分圆的点
将是距离相等的刨平并且从那真正的和
想像的轴.傲慢的白色高斯噪音,
最大的可能决定区域是那
四个被轴跳跃的四分圆; 因此,一
被一般承认的数据符号被决定依照那
符号被观察的四分圆.任何的
更远的点从决定边界
超过名义上的星座点 ( 在那
适当的四分圆)将会提供增加的边缘,
哪一保证一个较低的 B.我们能因此
允许星座点的修正
在四分之一内- 飞机在标称的外面
星座以没有表现的降格指出.
这一项原则在图 5 中被举例,
阴暗的区域表现区域哪里
增加边缘为数据符号在那
第一个四分圆.如果聪明地调整,一个组合
这些另外的信号能习惯于
部份地取消传送的时间领域峰巅
信号.一流的主意能被应用到
其他的星座也,像是 QAM 和
MPSK 星座,因为数据指出那
在星座的外部边界上躺着
为增加的边缘有房间没有丧失体面的
为其他的数据符号的错误可能性.
这一个方案同时地减少 B
些微地当实质上减少山顶的时候
一个数据区段的大小.此外,那里是
数据的没有失败率和没有旁的数据是
需要.然而,这些修正增加
为数据的传送信号力量阻塞,和
这一个方案的有用宁可被限制
对于和大的星座大小的一个调音.
资讯科技是可能联合 TR 和么点
技术使 TR 的集中成为很多
更快速地 [46]