恐龙生活的环境(英文的)急!一天内告诉我

恐龙生活的环境(英文的)急!一天内告诉我
最好是什么时期的环境都列出来

Dinosaurs are extravagant creatures that roamed the earth over one hundred million years ago.Reptiles were either herbivores,carnivores or both.These reptiles were very smart creatures and they adapted to the environment very well.There intelligence helped them to live long lives.According to Edwin H.Colbert the author of Dinosaurs stated that "Dinosaurs cannot properly be considered as failures because they were very successful animals during a span or more than 100 million years and that is a long time".There have been some myths about how dinosaurs were and how they look,but W.E.Swinton,the author of The Dinosaurs stated that "there is amisconception that dinosaurs are often thought to have been a series of giant and fierce animals that dominated the earth." But the fact is many dinosaurs were small and harmless"(pg 2).So dinosaurs are not these fearful creatures we all probably seen on t.v.that grabs the primitive man and eats him for lunch,but harmless reptiles were living to survive.Dinosaurs are interesting reptiles especially about their environment,their reproduction,and their extinctions.
The environment of the Dinosaurs played a big role in the way they lived."The environment is the biological world surrounding an animal the world of living things to which it must be harmoniously adjusted" (colbert.224).This is very important because in order for dinosaurs to live long,healthy lives,they must adapt to environment changes.The environment also affected the distribution of the dinosaurs.Colbert stated that "dinosaurs were so widely distributed through out the world during Mezozoic times,it is some indications that high mountain ranges did not cross the continents in those distant days.The nature of the soil influences the plant life that grows upon it ,and of course this bears directly upon the distribution of plant-eating animals.Because of their environment,dinosaurs have a prominent food chain.The herbivorous dinosaurs that lived in such great numbers and variety during much of the Mezozoic Era obtained their energy from plants that in turn derived their energy directly from the sun through the process of photosynthesis." The theropod dinosaurs obtained their energy by eating the dinosaurs that ate the plants" (Colbert.228).This chain helped the dinosaurs to have an balance food supply.
The reproduction of dinosaurs is similar to reptiles that are known today such as alligators,lizards,snakes,and crocodiles; they all lay eggs (Colbert.209).Dinosaurs' eggs have a protective shell to prevent from predators and drying out.Swinton stated that "the embryo is shut up with all that it needs for development in a more or less impermeable shell (92).In that case,the embryos does not need its mother for survival during development.Swinton stated that "reptiles,such as crocodiles,dig a nest and lays eggs; these are covered with sand to be invisible,dinosaurs may have had the same sort of nesting habits"(92).So,it is believed that dinosaurs' eggs were laid in clutches.According to theApunix Computer Service,"a nest of eggs,were found at a site called Egg Mountain in San Diego.The eggs were from the dinosaur species called Hypsilophodontid which was small reaching approximately 7ft.long when it was fully grown" (1).Advanced technology has been used to study dinosaur eggs." Glenn Daleo,radiologist,developed a unique technique for studying fossils using a CAT scanner,which made it possible to get information that paleontologists wanted and needed"(Apunix Computer Services.1).Studying dinosaurs' eggs is one of the most important research,because it gives numerous amount of information about the Dinosaur species.
The extinction of the Dinosaurs happened at the end of the Cretaceous Period."Therefore let us say quite categorically that the dinosaurs disappeared completely and absolutely about seventy million years ago"(Colbert.250).It was believed a rapid change in the environment that caused the dinosaurs to die out."The Laramid Revolution was believed it was partly responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs." This revolution is the sequence of the earth forces that caused massive mountain uplifts so affected climates and plants that various animals,were unable to change with the changing environment causing extinction (Colbert.252-3).So it is said that different types of plant started to grow causing changes in the dinosaurs' food chain (Colbert.254).Before this major change,there were only certain types of plants,that dinosaurs lived on.Especially certain plants such as ferns,pine needles and etc.,.Later on,new plants began to invade the environment which caused a major change in the dinosaurs' diets.Colbert says that dinosaurs' eggs lost their viability to hatch may have had something to do with the extinction of dinosaurs (256).Of course,this is just a theory and it has not been throughly analyzed.It is also believed that dinosaurs disappeared one by one or in a group (Colbert.257).While dinosaurs were dying out,the small creatures of the land were not affected by the environment change."All dinosaurs became extinct large and small,plant-eating and flesh-eating,swamp-dwelling and upland forms alike,but the crocodiles,the lizards,the snakes,the turles and the small primitive mammals did not become extinct"(L.Sprague and Catherine Camp.199).There is no absolute answer to why dinosaurs became extinct.The only answer that can be given is they could not adapt to the environment changes.
In conclusion,the study of the dinosaurs is interesting and very complex.There are still unanswered questions on dinosaurs' extinction and reproduction.There are scientists all over the world who are still trying to come up with answers about these extroadinary creatures,by studying the fossils.