英语翻译根据以上对量子力学结果的简要说明,可以知道原子核外的电子在各自的原子轨道上运动着.处于不同轨道上的电子能量大小是

英语翻译
根据以上对量子力学结果的简要说明,可以知道原子核外的电子在各自的原子轨道上运动着.处于不同轨道上的电子能量大小是不同的,称它们为电子能级不同,也称能级轨道不同.当原子中所有电子都处于最低能量的轨道上时,就说该原子处于基态.如果原子中某些电子处于能量较高的轨道,则称原子处于激发态.显然,原子的基态只有一个,但可以有许多个能量高地不同的激发态,分别被称为第一激发态、第二激发态等等.图5.1中n〉2的能级均为氢原子的激发态.
当电负性值较小的活泼金属（如第Ⅰ主族的K、Na等）和电负性值较大的活泼非金属（如第Ⅶ主族的F、Cl等）元素的原子相互靠近时,因前者易失电子形成正离子,后者易获得电子而形成负离子,而正、负离子则因静电引力而结合在一起,形成离子型化合物.这种由正、负离子之间的静电引力形成的化学键叫做离子键.离子键无饱和性也无方向性.离子键通常存在于离子晶体中.
原子轨道相互重叠形成共价键时,原子轨道要对称性匹配,并满足最大的重叠条件.即自旋相反的未成对电子相互接近时,必须考虑其波函数的正、负号,只有同号道（即对称性匹配）才能实现有效的重叠.

According to the above summary of quantum mechanics, we can know the electrons outside of the nucleus are on different orbitals. Different electons on different orbitals have different amoun of energy; this principle is known as the "difference orbital." When the atom's electons are all at the lowest energy level, this is known as the ground state. When some of the electons on the nucleus are on higher orbitals, it is called the excited state. Oviously, there can only be one basic structure of the atom, but there can be numerious excited state. These are known as the first excited state, second excited state. third excited state, etc... The picture 5,1 (n> 2) shows the second excited state of hydrogen.
When the lower electronegativity excited metals (such as Potassium and Sodium) and high electronegativity non-metals （such as flourine and chlorine) get closer to each other, the metals become cations, and the non-metals become anions.When the cations and anions combine, they form an ionic compound. This kind of electostatic pull is called ionic bond. Ionic Bond do not have directions and can be find in ionic solid.
我不明白第三段, 还有离子键是有方向性.
查查看你资料吧, 有些是错的
goodluck, hope its not too late